湿陷性黄土地区海绵城市建设湿陷性风险模拟评估研究

在湿陷性黄土地区开展雨水集中下渗的海绵城市建设面临着湿陷变形的风险,以黄土湿陷性较为严重的西咸新区空港新城临空产业区为例,采用数值模拟的方法模拟了研究区湿陷性黄土在不同设计降雨情况下的雨水集中入渗后的湿陷情况。应用GAST模型计算雨洪过程,并将降雨量下渗过程作为边界条件输入Midas GTS/NX软件来模拟黄土基础变形情况。通过分析5个典型黄土区因降雨下渗导致的湿陷量,发现其等级为Ⅱ级及以上,其中最严重情况下的雨水下渗深度为5.02~6.51 m,总湿陷量和自重湿陷量分别为468.18~1015.56 mm和88.99~239.03 mm,湿陷等级为Ⅲ级。可见局部集中下渗会导致较高的湿陷风险,故建议在湿陷性黄土地区海绵城市建设中应进行量化评估并合理规避湿陷风险。     

The volume integral method of eddy-current modeling: Verification

The volume integral method of eddy-current modeling represents a flaw in metal as a set of electric dipoles located within volume elements or cells defining the flaw volume. Given this dipole distribution, impedance changes may be computed. The electric field of the dipole distribution is determined by an integral equation relating, by means of the electric field Green's tensor, the electric field due to the source to the total electric field in the flaw. The integral equation is solved by assuming that the total electric field is constant in each volume element, resulting in a matrix equation. The method has been programmed for use on a microcomputer. The method and computer program are verified using the analytical solution for a small spherical flaw and three sets of measured impedance data, measured by air-core coils along profiles overlying both surface-breaking and buried simulated flaws of known dimensions. Operating frequencies ranged between 900 and 4000 Hz. Generally agreement is good at lower frequencies ( 1000 Hz). At higher frequencies ( 4000 Hz), the agreement is not as good. This is thought to be due to the inability of the constant electric field approximation to model the steep electric field gradients present in the host metal at high frequency. The results are also sensitive to the method of computation of the electric field due to the source. Some improvements can and should be made to the method.     

Electrical conductivity,self-diffusion,and volume expansion of alkali halides at the melting point

In an earlier paper, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was invoked at the melting point T _m of crystalline solids to provide fundamental justification for Lindemann's melting law and to compute diffusion coefficients of several alkali halides. The uncertainty principle defines breakdown of Debye zone boundary (ZB) phonons as valid collective excitations when phonon energies and line widths due to anharmonicity become comparable at T _m. Upon breakdown, random, high-frequency single-particle motion or partial decoupling of crystal ions sets in. Lifetimes of these single-particle ZB motions are determined from the minimum-uncertainty product inequality by assuming that it becomes an equality at T _m for ZB phonons. The present paper addresses improved formulation of that work and extended application to ionic electrical conductivities of 18 molten alkali halides at T _m. It is shown that use of the Debye model produces an approximate lower bound to the mean free time, not the unconstrained direct estimate previouslu implied. This feature is generally reflected in results for ionic conductivities and alkali halide diffusion coefficients for which comparison experimental data were found. However, in spite of this lower-bound formulation and the simple nature of the computation, the results compare favorably with experiment. A model of random single-particle harmonic motion superimposed on the lower-frequency collective motion is proposed to account for volume expansion accompanying the partial decoupling for hard-sphere ions. Experimental comparisons for 15 alkali halides show the decoupling volume change to account largely for the total volume change of melting (in the hard-sphere approximation), yielding a closer agreement with experiment than recent calculations aimed explicitly at the total volume change.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

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本文把与井简直接连通的大裂缝及井筒定义为“裂缝—井筒系统”,通过气体状态方程的变换和续流总量的计算,探索出井底大裂缝的容积及其储量的计算方法。     

Study of viscosity of mono-, di-, and trialkylamines

Viscosities of several mono-, di-, and trialkylamines have been measured in the temperature range 298 to 333 K. It is observed that viscosities are highly dependent on shape, size, and association through H-bond or through dipole. Following the transition state theory, energy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy of activation of viscous flow have been calculated. The values of expansion energy for these liquids have also been calculated using free volume theory, and subsequently amines have been classified as volume-restrained or energy-restrained liquids. The group contribution method of Van Velzen, Cardozo, and Langenkamp for estimating viscosity has been examined with the present and literature data, and the new group contribution increments N _i and B _i for amines have been evaluated.     

二元稀土系AB5型贮氢电极合金的放电容量与晶胞体积和4f电子浓度的关系

制备了6个系列通式为AαA‘1-αB5的RE(NiCoMnTi)5贮氢电极合金(其中，AαA‘1-α为La，Ce，Pr，Nd4个元素中任意2个的组合)，测定了它们在100次循环中的最大放电容量Cmax及部分合金的晶胞体积Vcell．结果表明：Cmax主要由Vcell决定，Cmax先随Vcell的增大而增加，在Vcell≈85．66x10^-^3。nm^3时达到一极大值，然后又随Vcell的增大而减小；同时，Cmax还与4f电子浓度ne4f／naRE有关，A侧具有相同4f电子浓度的合金其Cmax随4f电子浓度的变化趋势相似．     

ZL105合金悬浮铸造工艺研究

对ZL105合金悬浮剂的制备、加入量、加入方式、加入温度及熔化时间等悬浮铸造工艺进行了初步探讨。结果表明,ZL105合金采用恳浮铸造简单易行,而且对减小体收缩、细化晶粒组织、降低壁厚对晶粒组织的敏感性以及提高针孔度级别有明显效果。     

影响空气净化器颗粒物洁净空气量因素研究

按国家标准GB/T 18801—2015《空气净化器》进行颗粒物净化效果实验,研究进风口面积、滤网阻力、电机转速、滤网装配间隙对空气净化器颗粒物净化效果的影响。实验结果表明,洁净空气量会随滤网阻力、滤网装配间隙的变大而减小;随进风口面积和电机转速的变大而减小,但当进风口面积和电机转速增大到一定值时,洁净空气量逐渐趋于稳定。在空气净化器开发阶段,应尽可能的降低滤网阻力、消除滤网装配间隙,匹配最优的进风口尺寸和电机转速。     

基于报废量预测的电子废弃物回收产业现状与对策 —— 以长三角为例

长三角为我国经济最活跃、电子废弃物回收产业发展相对完善的地区之一。运用stata多元回归分析报废量的影响因素,用Holt模型预测长三角区域电子废弃物报废量。结果显示, 2050年电视机累计报废量将达到35亿台,手机报废量将达到65亿部。通过分析长三角电子废弃物回收产业规模、回收体系、地方性法律政策及公共意识4个方面,发现在回收体系构建方面,仍然存在非正规回收渠道占据主要市场,正规企业产能过剩以及回收点覆盖不合理等问题。结合未来电子废弃物报废量与回收产业现状,提出了系统性的政策建议。     

八宿巨型滑坡的发现及其意义（特约稿）

巨型滑坡全球不常见,但是破坏性极强,其识别对于加深区域构造背景的认识,防灾减灾和工程建设均有指导意义。基于遥感解译、无人机地形测绘和现场调查,报道了新发现的八宿巨型滑坡及其残留堆积体特征,初步分析了成因机制与演变过程,估算了滑坡方量。主要结论如下：（1）八宿滑坡发育于怒江缝合带的夏里-八宿裂谷带内,岩性以古生界加玉桥岩群大理岩组和侏罗系马里组变质砂泥岩为主,上部岩层产状为陡倾顺坡向,下部岩层产状为陡倾逆坡向,岸坡结构总体上为上硬下软;（2）滑坡区横跨冷曲的左右两岸,长约7200m,宽约4800m,面积约22.5km2,估算方量约35×108m3,目前残余方量约14×108m3,是国内已经确认的方量最大的滑坡;（3）滑坡极可能属于历史地震诱发的高速堵江滑坡,堰塞坝高度约185m,堆积体碎裂化严重,且在冷曲右岸爬升超过600m。滑坡形成后,堆积区历经了堰塞坝溃决、多拉寺次级滑坡、泥石流堆积与冲刷、表面流水冲刷等改造过程,但是滑坡地貌特征整体保存良好。由于滑坡和泥石流堵江,冷曲在滑坡区先后两次改道;（4）从滑坡与冷曲的演变过程来看,推测滑坡的发生时间应在晚更新世。即八宿滑坡为古滑坡;（5）八宿巨型滑坡的发现说明迄今为止我们对青藏高原地质环境的认知仍然十分有限。川藏铁路等工程建设应加强基础地质与工程地质研究,以及地质灾害风险论证,确保施工与运行期安全。