秸秆合成气合成甲醇的催化剂优化实验研究

生物质能是一种可再生能源,为了研究秸秆类生物质(农业废弃物)转化为燃料甲醇和生物质能的有效利用,采用热化学方法在下吸式固定床气化炉中生产了低热值秸秆燃气,对该燃气进行脱硫、脱氧、焦油催化分解、纯化、配氢等优化实验,制备出秸秆合成气.在直流流动等温积分反应器中进行了催化合成甲醇的催化实验,在235℃和5 MPa条件下进行了催化剂种类及粒度对甲醇合成的影响实验.实验结果表明:合成甲醇的适宜催化剂型号为C301,最优化颗粒粒度为0.833 mm×0.351 mm.该研究为生物质(秸秆)气催化合成甲醇的深入研究提供了基础数据.     

生物质气催化合成甲醇的实验研究

为了探索秸秆类生物质转化为燃料甲醇的工艺条件,采用热化学方法将玉米秸秆裂解为秸秆燃气,对该燃气进行优化实验,制备出秸秆合成气.在直流流动等温积分反应器中,使用国产C301铜基催化剂,对催化合成甲醇的反应压力、反应温度、秸秆合成气组成进行优化实验研究.结果表明:合成甲醇的最佳反应温度和反应压力分别为230℃和5 MPa,秸秆合成气适宜组成为10.49%CO,8.8%CO2,40.49%H2,0.95%CnHm,37.32%N2.     

IGCC燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机运行性能优化

天津IGCC是中国第一座整体煤气化联合循环电站。系统中燃气轮机的燃料为气化炉产生的热值较低的合成气,作为国内第一台应用于IGCC技术的燃气轮机,在运行过程中存在着合成气热值与设计值偏差大、烧嘴过热、燃烧室偏烧等问题。针对存在的问题,首先介绍了IGCC电站燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机与普通燃气轮机在燃料、燃烧方式、燃烧器结构等方面的区别;然后结合实际运行参数分析,重点对存在的问题提出性能优化方案及措施。对燃用低热值燃料的燃气轮机后续发展具有一定的借鉴意义。     

IGCC电站控制系统工程应用及示范

以国内250 MW级IGCC电站为研究对象,根据电站的运行特性和控制要求,介绍了协调控制系统的设计、系统的基本组成、负荷指令以及气化炉和燃机的控制策略。提出了气化炉控制为主、燃机/汽机跟随的负荷控制方案,现场运行结果表明,该方案简捷有效,完全能够满足IGCC机组的控制要求。     

钌基催化剂用于直接法合成气制低碳烯烃反应

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备钌基催化剂,用其进行催化CO加氢,研究制低碳烯烃反应中钌基催化剂的催化性能,考察催化剂的焙烧温度、工艺条件及碱金属助剂Na对钌基催化剂CO加氢反应的影响。结果发现,焙烧温度400 ℃制备的钌基催化剂具有最大的比表面积,在反应温度220 ℃、反应压力1.0 MPa和空速1 500 mL·(h·g)^-1条件下,可以保证较高的CO转化率及低碳烯烃选择性。碱金属助剂Na提高了催化剂催化活性,Na质量分数为4%6%时,钌基催化剂表现出最佳的CO转化率及低碳烯烃选择性。     

MnOx promotional effects on olefins synthesis directly from syngas over bimetallic Fe‐MnOx/SiO2 catalysts

The direct synthesis of lower olefins via the Fischer‐Tropsch reaction (FTO) has been performed over a series of Fe‐MnO_x/SiO₂ catalysts. The addition of MnO_x could improve the dispersion of iron species, and promote the reduction of iron oxide during the activation and subsequent carburization. Moreover, the results of characterization demonstrated that MnO_x could enhance the surface basicity of the catalysts due to electronic effects and promote the formation of iron carbides. For the first time, the intrinsic power‐law kinetics for FTO was obtained for both Fe₂₀/SiO₂ and Fe₂₀‐Mn₁/SiO₂ catalysts. Kinetic parameters and structure characterizations indicated that MnO_x could facilitate the CO dissociation on the catalyst surface, thus enhancing the adsorption strength and capacity of surface carbonaceous intermediates. The weak hydrogenation of carbonaceous species would boost the selectivities toward lower olefins. Finally, a plausible mechanism for FTO, involving the promotional effects of MnO_x on Fe, has been proposed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4451–4464, 2017     

Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of RWGS processes for solar syngas production from CO2

Process systems were investigated for syngas production from CO₂ and renewable energy (solar) by the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) and the reverse water‐gas shift chemical looping (RWGS‐CL) process. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization was performed to maximize the solar‐to‐syngas (StS) efficiency η_StS. Special emphasis was laid on product gas separation. For RWGS‐CL, maximum StS efficiencies of 14.2 and 14.4% were achieved without and with heat integration, respectively. The StS efficiency is dictated by the low overall efficiency of H₂ production. RWGS‐CL is most beneficial for the production of pure CO, where the StS efficiency is one percent point higher compared to that of the RWGS process with heat integration. Heat integration leads to significant reductions in external heat demand since most of the gas phase process heat can be integrated. The StS efficiencies for RWGS and RWGS‐CL achieve the same level as the reported values for solar thermochemical syngas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 15–22, 2017     

壳牌煤气化工艺流程中合成气反吹系统方案优化的探讨

介绍壳牌煤气化工艺流程中的合成气反吹系统的反吹介质可由洗涤后的粗合成气改为高温高压氮气。改造后 ,出气化装置的合成气组分既可满足下游装置的工艺要求 ,又可节省大量的工程投资     

Mg调变Ni基催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

在固定床流动反应装置上考察了不同反应条件对Ｍｇ调变Ｎｉ基催化剂反应性能的影响。当催化剂床层径高比约为２,空速２０×１０５ｈ－１,床层最高温度９４０℃,Ｖ（ＣＨ４）／Ｖ（Ｏ２）＝２０时,甲烷转化率９７％,ＣＯ选择性９８％,Ｈ２选择性接近１００％。５００ｈ的稳定性考察结果表明,甲烷转化率大于９０％,ＣＯ及Ｈ２选择性均大于９５％。反应后的催化剂经ＳＥＭ分析没观察到积炭。     

煤制合成气脱砷技术及净化剂的研究开发

本文介绍了煤制合成气脱砷技术及脱砷剂的开发及工业应用结果。试验表明, TAS-02 型脱砷剂适用于高水汽比、高CO水煤气气氛的脱砷净化, 稳定性良好, 有较高的砷容和脱砷净化效果。