可聚合甲基丙烯酰氧丙基磷酸酯的合成

以三氯氧磷、三乙胺、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)等为原料,通过多步法合成了一种磷酸酯反应型乳化剂。实验对原料配比、反应时间、反应温度等进行讨论,得到最佳工艺条件,并用红外光谱对产品进行结构表征。结果表明,合成甲基丙烯酰氧丙基磷酸酯中间体,选择n(三氯氧磷)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(HPA)=1.1∶1.3∶1,反应时间为1.5h,反应温度为25℃,第二步水解反应温度0~15℃,水解物料比为n(中间体产物)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(水)=1∶1.4∶1.2时,最终产物收率最高,可达98.80%。     

含氟乳化剂FC80含量对丙烯酸酯乳液共聚物性能的影响

研究了含氟乳化剂 FC80含量对丙酸酯乳液共聚物性能的影响。结果表明随 FC80含量从0 .0 1 %增加到 0 .3% ,丙烯酸酯乳液共聚物的表面张力和粘度下降 ;耐酸性增强 ,p H值稳定范围增宽 ;乳液粒子直径下降 ;稀释和贮存稳定性好 ;耐电解质稳定性呈现抛物线变化。 FC80含氟乳化剂的最佳用量以 0 .0 5 %到 0 .1 %为宜。     

Texture and Microstructure of Block Type Processed Cheese with Formulated Emulsifying Salt Mixtures

Block-processed Ras cheese was produced with two salt mixtures: (1) Na-diphosphate+Na-polyphosphate+Na-tripolyphosphate in ratios 40 : 50 : 10, 30 : 40 : 30 & 30 : 30 : 40 and (2) Na-polyphosphate+Na-citrate+Na-orthophosphate+Na-diphosphate in ratios 50 : 20 : 20 : 10, 40 : 10 : 20 : 30 & 30 : 10 : 20 : 40. Commercial salts Joha SE and PZO were used for comparison, respectively. Texture profile analysis and microstructure (LM and TEM) of resultant cheeses were studied. Chewiness, gumminess, adhesiveness, and hardness showed a significant difference and the cheese samples exhibited higher values during storage. The values were highest in the samples stored at room temperature. Light microscopy photographs indicated different emulsification degree with various emulsifying salt mixtures. These observations were confirmed with the image analysis and TEM. Among the entire treatments, mixture (1) in ratio 30 : 40 : 30 and mixture (2) in ratio 40 : 10 : 20 : 30 gave the best and close texture to the commercial salts and can be recommended in the production of block processed cheese.     

α-Sulfonated fatty acid esters: I. Structural effects of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid higher alcohol esters on surface-active properties and emulsification ability

The surface-active properties and emulsification ability of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters, C_mH_2m+1CH-(SO₃Na)COOC_nH_2n+1, were studied as a function of the hydrophobic alkyl chainlength in the fatty acid (m=8−16) and the alcohol (n=8−18). As a result, it was discovered that sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have a structural effect on the Krafft point different from that of amphiphiles with short alkyl chains. Moreover, some of the α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have quite low interfacial tensions, as well as non-foaming properties, which depend upon the total (m+n) number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains.     

Formulation and interest of a decorative emulsifier-free O/W emulsion with a positive zeta potential

The aim of this study was to formulate an emulsifier-free foundation with a positive zeta potential. This formulation was achieved through a comparative study carried out on 16 cationic hydrogels. Measurements of the cationic activity of those gels were undertaken. Sixteen emulsions, including 0.4% of cationic gel, were formulated and the zeta potential of each was quantified. No correlation between those two measurements could be established. Pigments introduced in the emulsion to obtain a foundation slightly reduced the zeta potential value of the formula. The skin coloration induced by the application of the formula with a positive electric charge was found more stable than that of classical and transfer-proof formulae. Moreover, this formula displayed a higher hydrating potential compared to transfer-proof formulae.     

新型Gemini型阳离子沥青乳化剂的合成与性能测试

以壬基酚和甲醛为原料经缩合反应制备出中间体双(2-羟基-5-壬基苯基)甲烷，并与环氧氯丙烷和三乙胺反应，合成出一种新型Gemini型阳离子沥青乳化剂双［5-壬基-2-((2′-羟基 3′-三乙基氯化铵)丙氧基苯基)］甲烷.详细研究了合成条件对反应的影响，得出了合成最佳工艺条件.用该乳化剂对道路沥青进行了乳化效果考察，表明该乳化剂乳化性能良好.该乳化剂合成工艺简单，是一种比较有发展前途的阳离子中裂沥青乳化剂.     

More durable make-up based on pigmented water-in-solvent emulsions

The ideal make-up would be applied in the morning, stay on for the whole day with no noticeable deterioration in spite of heat, moisture and abrasion, and be removed easily at night with normal cleansers. Make-up items based upon pigmented oil-in-water emulsions have poor durability on the skin because the residual oil film is sensitive to body heat and abrasion, and the hydrophilic emulsifier system is sensitive to moisture. The use of volatile solvents in the oil phase together with the adoption of a water-in-oil emulsion system enables much more durable colour effects to be produced on the skin. Stability of the emulsion system is critical and depends on correct choice of emulsifiers, ratio of water to volatile solvent and pigment level. A significant improvement in emulsion stability and durability on the skin was obtained by the inclusion of a new type of aluminium acylate gel. Examples of this emulsion system which have been successfully developed include cream eyeshadow, and tinted foundation.     

两亲性钠离聚体的合成、表征及其性质

以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,聚氧乙烯(PEO)大单体在苯中与丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸共聚,合成了含聚氧乙烯支链的丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸接枝共聚物。以此共聚物为前体,经NaOH的甲醇溶液中和,合成了同时含有非离子、阴离子的两亲性钠离聚体。红外光谱、膜渗透压计、凝胶渗透色谱、透射电子显微镜等表征结果显示,前体和两亲性钠离聚体为规整接枝共聚物,平均接枝数为6.5～16.1;前体中聚氧乙烯支链与主链中的丙烯酸链节生成氢键,而两亲性钠离聚体中此氢键消失。两亲性钠离聚体有良好的乳化性、吸水性和相转移催化性质。当聚氧乙烯的质量分数由30.2%增至45.0%时,两亲性钠离聚体的吸水率由105%增至175%;随两亲性钠离聚体加入量的增加,Williamson固液反应中的固体苯酚钾转化率提高。固体苯酚钾转化率最大可达83.3%。     

影响高固含量石蜡乳液颗粒度因素的考察

以58#石蜡为原料,非离子与阴离子表面活性剂复配物为乳化剂,考察了乳化剂的HLB(亲水亲油平衡)值、乳化剂用量、乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度和乳化方法等工艺条件对石蜡乳液颗粒度的影响.结果表明,石蜡乳化剂适宜的HLB值约为9.3,乳化剂的用量、乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度和乳化方法对乳液的粒度均有影响.w(乳化剂)=7%,乳化温度85℃～90℃,乳化时间40 min,搅拌速度为1 000 r/min下采用剂在油中法,制得了平均粒度为1.3 μm,折光率为1.42,固含量约为50%的石蜡乳液,乳液外观为均匀、细腻的乳白色液体.