Accountability in Child Welfare Services: Developing a Statewide Outcome Evaluation Program.

Questions are often raised regarding the effectiveness and value of treatment programs for children and families. Recently, programs have been increasingly held accountable for services offered. In response, the member agencies of IARCCA have developed a comprehensive outcome measurement program. This article describes the project, focusing on the conditions that led to its inception and how the measurement plan was developed. In addition, the article includes information on the selection of personnel, measurement instruments, and methods and on the process of data collection. Summary results are provided, including how these results are utilized to improve services. Finally, the continued expansion and future directions of the Outcome Project are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

我国铁路“网运分离”福利效应分析

在假设我国铁路“网运分离”只是路网服务与运输服务分离的基础上，建立分离前后社会福利比较的线性模型，分析得出的结果是：分离前，消费者剩余减少的幅度大于公司利润增加的幅度，而其社会福利低于分离后的社会福利；分离后的情形却刚好相反，我国铁路的“网运分离”提高了社会福利，有利于消费者，是我国铁路内部从完全的垄断走向市场竞争的必然选择。     

需求引领空间设计提升价值——以上海市宝山区体育中心设计为例

马斯洛需求层次理论把人类需求分成生理、安全、社交、尊重和自我实现五类，依次由较低层次到较高层次。据此理论，不同的空间形态及相互组合能够满足不同层次的心理需求，进而促进不同类型活动的发生及商业业态的发展，最终形成城市综合体育中心“以馆养馆”“以商养体”的局面，推动并保持项目的持续发展。     

Effects of level of social contact on dairy calf behavior and health

Housing preweaned dairy calves in pairs rather than individually has been found to positively affect behavioral responses in novel social and environmental situations, but concerns have been raised that close contact among very young animals may impair their health. In previous studies, the level of social contact permitted in individual housing has been auditory, visual, or physical contact. It is unclear how these various levels of social contact compare with each other and to pair housing, when their effects on behavior and health are considered, and whether the timing of pair housing has an effect. To investigate this, 110 Holstein calves (50 males, 60 females) in 11 blocks were paired according to birth date. Within 60 h of birth, each pair of calves was allocated to 1 of 5 treatments: individual housing with auditory contact (I), individual housing with auditory and visual contact (V), individual housing with auditory, visual, and tactile contact (T), pair housing (P), or individual housing with auditory and visual contact the first 2 wk followed by pair housing (VP). At 6 wk of age, calves were subjected to a social test and a novel environment test. In the social test, all pair-housed calves (P and VP) had a shorter latency to sniff an unfamiliar calf than did individually housed calves (I, V, and T), whereas calves with physical contact (T, P, and VP) sniffed the unfamiliar calf for longer than calves on the remaining treatments (I and V). In the novel environment test, calves with physical contact (T, P, and VP) had a lower heart rate, and more of these calves vocalized during the test compared with calves without physical contact (I and V). No effect of treatment was found for clinical scores, levels of the 5 most common pathogens in feces, or in development of serum antibodies against the 3 most common respiratory pathogens. Calves housed individually are more fearful of unfamiliar calves than are pair-housed calves. Contrary to common belief, the allowance of physical contact and pair housing had no effects on the health of the calves.     

Partnership patterns and homeownership: a cross-country comparison of Germany,the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

Using detailed micro-level survey data for three advanced European welfare-state economies (Germany, Netherlands and UK), our analyses suggest a fairly common hierarchy to homeownership, according to partnership status, exists. In all three countries, a variety of interrelated factors appear to encourage greater propensities for homeownership amongst co-residential households (married/cohabiting), as compared to single-person households. However, important macro-contextual differences do appear to play a significant role in mediating the magnitude of difference within this hierarchy. For instance, in Germany the importance of marriage as a predictor of homeownership is found to be particularly strong, with married couples having far higher propensities for homeownership, even when compared to non-married cohabiters. In the Netherlands and UK, where an emphasis on traditional family and marriage is less pronounced, and where homeownership is generally more popular and accessible, the differentiation between married/unmarried partners is greatly reduced. Furthermore, we find no evidence to suggest that living-apart-together partners are more/less likely to own their home than singles.     

Democracy and non-profit housing. The tensions of residents’ involvement in the Danish non-profit sector

Resident democracy as a special form of participatory democratic set-up is fundamental in the understanding, and self-understanding, of the non-profit housing sector in Denmark. Through a case study, the paper explores how resident democracy is perceived and narrated between residents and employees at a housing association. The study indicates that the meta-story of democracy is disconnected from practice and the lived lives of residents. Three analytical tensions structure the analysis, which relate to the conditions for realizing the democratic ideal embedded in the structure of the sector. The tensions are related to representative versus participatory democracy; collectivity versus individuality; and service versus welfare. The tensions elucidate how resident democracy is squeezed between different logics, which result in an ambiguous setting for practising democracy. Based on the results, the article discusses conditions for prospective democracy in the Danish non-profit housing sector.     

Science and animal welfare in France and European Union: Rules,constraints, achievements

The welfare of food-producing animals is a focus of public debate in Europe. Political institutions, have introduced regulations based on scientific data. Meanwhile, the practices of producers and transformers were modified. Implementation of care practices is added to the goal of sustainable basic health of animals. Nevertheless urban consumers still look for the “naturalness” of living animals. A brief historical perspective introduces the building process of European regulations. A short list of Directories and Recommendations provides a clue on the complexity of resulting construct. Now, this complexity is calling for simplification of rules while practices should be compatible with professional constraints. Few selected examples are brought to illustrate how the concepts initially studied by scientists (welfare, pain, stress, “consciousness”/awareness) were integrated in regulations and implemented by producers and meat industry in order to simultaneously maintain the requirements for high quality and security standards. At the same time, free trade market constraints introduced new distortions, in particular those linked to the world demand for proteins. Indeed, the controversy about animal welfare, initially brought on ethical grounds, became a case for ongoing adjustements of EU policy, requesting to combine scientific knowledge on animals, consequent evolution in the representation of animals by urban consumers with the challenge of adaptation and implemention of regulations.     

我国食品安全问题的社会学分析

以近几年来我国频发的食品安全事件为鉴，从社会学视角分析了其产生的原因，并提出了相应的预防和解决问题的对策。     

儿童福利院建筑设计探析——以南通市儿童福利院为例

结合南通市儿童福利院的扩建项目,对儿童福利院建筑的设计理念、规划布局、环境营造、造型、色彩及细部设计等进行了探析。分析了儿童福利院作为公共福利建筑中的一种特殊类型,其规划与设计必须注意的问题,以及设计中需体现福利文化,充分满足孤、残、障儿童生活、学习、教育、医疗护理、康复训练和心理疏导等特定的要求,提出坚持以人为本的原则,实现建筑与文化、环境的有机融合。     

Entitlement and justice

Abstract

Drawing on interviews with people living and working in ‘disadvantaged’ Australian suburbs, this article focuses on how disadvantaged people must prove ‘entitlement’, most often through a stylised performance of ‘undeserved’ suffering which in turn reinforces a definition of need based upon character. These stylised narratives of suffering, and the stories of heroism which complement them, emerge from a local ‘war of words’. The article argues that these stories are a complex and difficult resource for urban analysts and that other, more submerged, narratives must also be incorporated in any account of poverty and injustice.