黑龙江防凌爆破试验研究

炸药爆破冰盖或冰坝是防凌减灾的重要手段,确定爆破坑半径同炸药用量、冰盖厚度等相关影响变量的关系是有效实施爆破的前提。通过黑龙江上游江段现场防凌爆破试验研究,提出了防凌爆破的可靠方法和关键技术,建立了表达黑龙江冰凌爆破中冰盖厚度、冰下水深、炸药用量同爆破坑半径之间关系的公式。新公式预报的爆破坑半径值和实测值平均相对误差在8.5%以内。同已有的研究成果比较,本文论证了冰下水深对爆破坑半径的影响,所提出的爆破坑半径公式不仅适应于冰盖厚度小的河流,也适合高寒地区冰盖厚、强度大、水深浅的天然河流,且预报精度较高。研究成果应用到2015—2016年开河前黑龙江上游漠河江段防凌爆破中,确保该江段开河期间未发生冰塞和冰坝凌汛灾害。     

高收率合成DADE的新方法

在比较DADE的3条文献合成路线基础上，研究了以2-甲基-4，6-嘧啶二酮为母体用硝硫混酸硝化生成中间体2-(二硝基亚甲基)-5，5-二硝基-2H-嘧啶-4，6-二酮、中间体水解合成DADE的方法。DADE总收率达到83％以上，用IR、MS、NMR及元素分析鉴定了其结构。     

使用氯化铵生产硝酸铵系复合（混）肥的爆炸性分析

硝酸铵是硝基复合(混)肥生产的主要原料。近年,由于氯化铵价格低廉,也逐步成为硝基复合(混)肥生产的主要原料之一,而氯化铵会促进硝酸铵的分解,因此,讨论用氯化铵和其他无机原料生产硝酸铵系复合(混)肥的爆炸性。通过控制物料配比,避免物料超温,可确保生产安全。     

模拟爆炸地震波及其对框架结构的影响

基于能够描述爆炸地震波的非平稳随机过程模型进行爆炸地震波的模拟研究,给出能够考虑装药量和爆心距影响的单点爆炸地震波实用模拟方法。以15层框架结构为例,运用有限元分析软件建立空间板梁结构的有限元模型,计算结构的固有频率和固有振型,分析高层框架结构在模拟爆炸地震波作用下的动力响应。根据结构动力响应结果,判断结构的薄弱层,为工程抗震设计提供参考依据。     

注装用改性B炸药渗油性的试验研究

通过中大口径榴弹战斗部注装改性B炸药后产生疵病的原因分析、实弹观察、注装过程物理特性及失效分析,参照TNT标准的渗油性试验方法,对原材料特性、制造工艺、长期储存所经历的任务剖面的综合分析及以相关试验为基础确定试验边界条件,提出改性B炸药的渗油性综合比较试验方案并进行检测,依此提出渗油性试验和工艺控制参数,为科学合理的评估注装弹药使用寿命周期提供试验依据.     

Explosion limits for combustible gases

Combustible gases in coal mines are composed of methane, hydrogen, some multi-carbon alkane gases and other gases. Based on a numerical calculation, the explosion limits of combustible gases were studied, showing that these limits are related to the concentrations of different components in the mixture. With an increase of C4H10 and C6H14, the Lower ExplosionLimit (LEL) and Upper Explosion-Limit (UEL) of a combustible gas mixture will decrease clearly. For every 0.1% increase in C4H10 and C6H14, the LEL decreases by about 0.19% and the UEL by about 0.3%. The results also prove that, by increasing the amount of H2, the UEL of a combustible gas mixture will increase considerably. If the level of H2 increases by 0.1%, the UEL will increase by about 0.3%. However, H2 has only a small effect on the LEL of the combustible gas mixture. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for judging the explosion risk of an explosive gas mixture in mines.     

NG-901FA-R余热锅炉高温过热器爆管原因分析及探讨

杭州华电半山发电有限公司1、2、3号燃气机组NG-901FA-R余热锅炉由杭州锅炉厂设计制造,受热模块高压过热器高温段的T91管焊缝多次发生裂纹泄漏,至今已多次更换短管.余热锅炉受热模块高压过热器高温段爆管原因进行详细分析,并针对解决高过2爆管问题的多种方案进行探讨,对已实施的方案进行检查评估.     

Interactions of Impact Shock Waves in a Thin-Walled Explosive Container. II. Impact by a Cone-Nosed Projectile

Interaction of impact shock waves that could detonate an explosive (Composition B) confined in a thin-walled container impacted by a cone-nosed projectile is numerically studied, based on the Forest Fire explosive reaction rate model. The normal impact on the container by a small projectile with a conical nose is considered. Depending on the cone angle of the nose part of the projectile, the zone of interaction of initiating shock waves can be remote from the central axis of the impact. The off-the-central-axis detonation is interpreted from the viewpoint of different interaction modes in the explosive container, which are reflected from the cassette wall, change their directions, and superimpose onto each other, leading to explosive detonation.     

挡墙后爆炸冲击波绕流现象研究

重要建筑通常采用防爆挡墙以防范恐怖主义袭击和意外爆炸。在爆炸冲击下,绕流作用使挡墙墙后的冲击波流场产生变化,导致墙后一定距离处的超压大幅提高,建筑承受比预期更大的荷载。本文用LS-DYNA对近地爆炸下刚性墙后的绕流现象进行了数值模拟,研究了超压时程规律及影响因素。研究发现,距离墙后1.5～2.5倍墙高区域内绕流超压较大,在2倍墙高处出现马赫反应,比无墙时更为危险。研究成果可为重要建筑物防爆挡墙的布置及挡墙后建筑抗爆分析提供参考。     

ESTIMAING AMOUNT OF EXPLOSIVE FOR FRACTURE PLANE CONTROL BLASTING WITH NOTCHED BOREHOLES

With the development of fracture mechanics,the fracture plane control blasting with notched borcholes hascome into being.This technique is used to create a satisfactory presplit along the contour of an excavation inrock.However,the amount of explosive loaded in each hol usually is determined by trial and error.Because ofthis,two approaches estimating the amount of explosive for the blasting technique are suggested.