多极声源在裸眼井外的纵横波辐射特性

声波远探测方法已逐渐成为石油测井的一门重要应用技术,声源向井外地层中的辐射特性是远探测声场的主控因数。推导了单极、偶极和四极子声源的远场位移渐近解与辐射指向性公式,模拟分析了低频和常规测井频率下多极子声源在井外地层中的辐射图样,优选出不同声源辐射到地层中的优势波类型,并对比了不同频率下优势波指向性的变化规律。结果表明:单极辐射P波和偶极辐射SH横波在各自的辐射声场中占据了主导地位,它们对应的最佳激发频段分别在10 k Hz和4 k Hz左右,而在四极子声源的辐射声场中,P波和SH横波的指向性相近,均优于SV横波,且两者在7 k Hz左右达到最佳,为多极子声波远探测技术的应用提供了理论支持。     

一种基于声起伏特性的水面干扰抑制方法

利用水面目标和环境噪声起伏较大,而水下目标的声信号起伏较小的特性,可以有效抑制水面干扰,提高水下目标的检测概率。对于单基元频谱分析采用非线性滤波器,进而针对阵列信号处理提出一种基于非线性滤波的连续时间方位历程水面干扰抑制方法。最后,对Swell96的实验数据进行了处理,单基元信号处理结果表明,振幅非线性滤波器和复声压非线性滤波器对于稳定线谱的信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)增益可达15 d B和30 d B;阵列信号处理结果显示所提出的方法能够有效抑制水面声源的航迹,提高水下声源的发现概率。     

声发射技术在疲劳失效领域的研究进展

疲劳失效是一种具有突然性和灾难性的失效形式,因此对材料的疲劳失效进行监测显得尤为重要。与传统的疲劳裂纹检测方法相比声发射技术能够对材料的疲劳失效过程进行实时、在线监测,因此在疲劳失效监测领域得到了广泛的应用。对声发射技术进行了简要的介绍,总结了声发射技术在疲劳失效过程监测和疲劳寿命预测两方面的研究进展,指出了当前研究中存在的问题并对其下一步的发展进行了展望。     

Fabrication of Micropatterned Dipeptide Hydrogels by Acoustic Trapping of Stimulus‐Responsive Coacervate Droplets

Acoustic standing waves offer an excellent opportunity to trap and spatially manipulate colloidal objects. This noncontact technique is used for the in situ formation and patterning in aqueous solution of 1D or 2D arrays of pH‐responsive coacervate microdroplets comprising poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride and the dipeptide N‐fluorenyl‐9‐methoxy‐carbonyl‐D‐alanine‐D‐alanine. Decreasing the pH of the preformed droplet arrays results in dipeptide nanofilament self‐assembly and subsequent formation of a micropatterned supramolecular hydrogel that can be removed as a self‐supporting monolith. Guest molecules such as molecular dyes, proteins, and oligonucleotides are sequestered specifically within the coacervate droplets during acoustic processing to produce micropatterned hydrogels containing spatially organized functional components. Using this strategy, the site‐specific isolation of multiple enzymes to drive a catalytic cascade within the micropatterned hydrogel films is exploited.     

基于声比拟的压力管路阀门内漏噪声数值预报研究

阀门内漏对压力管路系统安全运行具有很大危害。基于声比拟理论,使用Fluent软件分别进行稳态及非稳态计算,获得阀门内漏的流场和声场特性。研究了管内介质、工作压力、横向距离以及阀门泄漏度对阀门内漏噪声的影响。通过实验对数值模拟方法的正确性进行了验证。研究表明,阀门内漏流场旋涡与噪声直接相关。阀门内漏的声场信号为宽频随机信号,气阀内漏声场强度大于水阀,声压级随工作压力的增大而增大,并且随阀门泄漏度和阀后横向距离先增后减。研究结果可为阀门内漏的噪声预报以及阀门内漏检测提供借鉴。     

分布式通风隔声罩的设计和效果研究

针对动力设备同时满足降噪和散热的需求,提出一种周期分布式结构的通风隔声罩。隔声罩的罩壁内嵌通风消声单元,声波衰减的同时,气流可顺利通过罩壁进行耗散。介绍了分布式通风隔声罩的设计,并对其隔声性能进行了理论计算。通过分布式通风隔声罩对三种不同设备的插入损失分别进行了实际测量和分析。研究结果表明,在通过频率以上,隔声罩插入损失的计算值和实测值吻合较好,分布式通风隔声罩在其通过频率以上具有良好的隔声效果。该分布式通风隔声罩的有效降噪频率可根据不同声源的频率特性进行专一设计,适用于各种需要通风散热的设备的隔声。     

浅海环境下的单-双基地联合声探测研究

浅海水域的高频声纳探测是近年来发展迅速、研究活跃的水声技术领域之一,它的研究为实现小目标的有效探测提供了重要的技术支撑。浅海声场存在多途干扰,会影响声纳探测的效果。本文介绍了一种单-双基地联合探测方法,并分析了浅海多途干扰对单-双基地联合探测的影响,最后用MATLAB进行仿真和分析。     

An improved new error estimation algorithm for optimal filter lengths for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation

In this paper, we propose an new error estimate algorithm (NEEA) for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC) that is based on the error estimation algorithm (EEA) in [Nguyen-Ky T, Leis J, Xiang W. An improved error estimate algorithm for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation system. In: International conference on signal processing and communication systems, ICSPCS’2007, Australia; December 2007]. In the EEA and NEEA, with the minimum error signal fixed, we compute the filter lengths so that the error signal may approximate the minimum error signal. When the echo paths change, the adaptive filter automatically adjusts the filter lengths to the optimum values. We also investigate the difference between the adaptive filter lengths. In contrast with the conclusions in [Khong AWH, Naylor PA. Stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation employing selective-tap adaptive algorithms. IEEE Trans Audio, Speech, Lang Process 2006;14(3):785-96, Gansler T, Benesty J. Stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation and two channel adaptive filtering: an overview. Int J Adapt Control Signal Process 2000;4:565-86, Benesty J, Gansler T. A multichannel acoustic echo canceler double-talk detector based on a normalized cross-correlation matrix. Acoust Echo Noise Control 2002;13(2):95-101, Gansler T, Benesty J. A frequency-domain double-talk detector based on a normalized cross-correlation vector. Signal Process 2001;81:1783-7, Eneroth P, Gay SL, Gansler T, Benesty J. A real-time implementation of a stereophonic acoustic echo canceler. IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process 2001;9(5):513-23, Gansler T, Benesty J. New insights into the stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation problem and an adaptive nonlinearity solution. IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process 2002; 10(5):257-67, Benesty J, Gansler T, Morgan DR, Sondhi MM, Gay SL. Advances in network and acoustic echo cancellation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2001], our simulation results have shown that the filter lengths can be different. Our simulation results also confirm that the NEEA is better than EEA and SM-NLMS algorithm in terms of echo return loss enhancement.     

求解二维随机多区域声波散射问题的快速多极边界元方法

快速多极算法(FMM)是求解大尺度边界元问题的一种很有效的快速算法.应用快速多极算法求解二维随机多区域声散射问题的边界积分方程.首先给出了求解该问题的边界积分方程,进而给出快速多极算法求解的算法实现过程以及积分算子的相应多极展开、局部展开和相应系数的转化关系式.最后通过对数值例子的计算表明快速多极算法在求解随机多区域声散射问题时的可行性及高效性,其求解存储量和计算量都是O(N).