利用共轴多角度系统研究大气气溶胶前向散射的角度分布特性

从Mie散射理论的公式分析中发现,大气气溶胶的消光和散射角有关.设计了一种共轴多角度探测系统,利用该系统研究了气溶胶的消光随角度变化呈现的特性.该系统在不同的散射角上,对气溶胶的消光系数进行测量,通过实验数据分析得出:前向散射角在30°～45°之间的气溶胶散射消光系数与散射光强成线性.     

Combined experimental and numerical study on the extinction limits of non-premixed H2/CH4 counterflow flames with varying oxidizer composition

Chemical reaction mechanisms with detailed kinetics are an important topic in combustion science and an essential prerequisite for the accurate modeling of reactive flows in combustors. Besides isolating and studying individual reactions, the development of reaction mechanisms is often based on well-defined experimental observables, such as the laminar burning velocity and the ignition delay time. While many optimization targets are associated with premixed combustion, the extinction strain rate (ESR) of non-premixed flames in the counterflow configuration is another well-defined experimental observable which, however, often receives less attention. In order to reduce the scarcity of corresponding datasets for the emerging fuel hydrogen and its blends with methane, this work reports ESR measurements for H₂, CH₄/H₂ and CH₄ counterflow diffusion flames considering a variation of the oxygen content in the oxidizer stream between 14 % and 21 %. The experimental investigation is complemented by calculations with a 1D counterflow model utilizing a temperature-control continuation method in order to determine the extinction limits numerically. The simulations are performed with six different well-established chemical reaction mechanisms. It is shown from both, experimental and numerical results, that with the substitution of CH₄ by H₂ the ESR increases and further, that the ESR decreases with a reduction of the oxygen content in the oxidizer stream. In addition, decreasing flame temperatures are observed at extinction as the H₂ content increases. Overall, all mechanisms are able to qualitatively recover the trends found for varying H₂ contents, fuel mole fraction, and oxygen content in the oxidizer. However, significant quantitative deviations are observed between the numerical results regarding the ESR values and the deviations are larger than for other important flame characteristics, such as the laminar burning velocity. The results suggest that the ESR could be a useful optimization target for further improving chemical reaction mechanisms which underlines the importance of datasets such as the one presented in this work.