动态评价技术在塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏中的应用

塔河油田奥陶系油气藏是大型碳酸盐岩溶洞型油气藏，其储渗空间主要为大小不同的溶洞、裂缝带、溶蚀孔隙等组成，该油气藏具有极强的非均质性，单纯用静态资料来认识这类油气藏是非常困难。文章提出利用生产动态资料和信息进行该类型油气藏研究的新思路，利用人工神经网络技术在处理非线性相关参数预测方面的优势，并以渗流理论为基础，结合试井成果，选用已知油井的产量、油嘴、油压、含水率、气油比、原油密度等6个开发动态参数作为样品输入数据，推导出影响油气藏开发的重要参数（地层系数）与生产信息的关系，建立了人工神经网络预测储层参数的结构模型。通过塔里木盆地塔河油气田实例研究，说明了利用动态信息评价油气藏技术在碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏储层预测和非均质性分析等方面具有较高的实用价值。     

双河油田注入水适应性及注水井酸化解堵研究

考察了双河油田双河联、江河联注入水堵塞地层的因素;膨胀性黏土，悬浮固体颗粒。细菌及悬浮污油。含膨胀性黏土的双河南、双河北及不含膨胀性黏土的双江岩心粉，在注入水中相对于地层水中的体积膨胀度分别为14．5％、11．1％及0．02％；注入100PV不含悬浮颗粒的等体积比地层水、注入水混合水使双河、双江岩心渗透率分别下降7％和4％、9％和7％。注入水中悬浮颗粒引起岩心渗透率下降，粒径越大、颗粒浓度越大、注入量越大，则渗透率越低。在粒径2．1μm或颗粒浓度3mg／L前后下降幅度变化较大。注入水中硫酸盐还原菌引起岩心渗透率下降，含菌量越大则渗透率开始下降时的注水量越小，注入含菌50个／L的水100PV使岩心渗透率下降7％。岩心对注水合油量敏感，注入含油量20mg／L的水50PV使岩心渗透率下降20％。在岩心注水实验中渗透率下降最严重的是双河南岩心，其次是双河北岩心．江河岩心较轻，注入精细过滤水的双河北岩心渗透率下降大大减少．说明悬浮固体是造成注水堵塞的主要因素。为了解除双河油田注水井的堵塞，研制了含黏土稳定剂、缓蚀剂、铁离子稳定剂、互溶剂的土酸液，与南阳油田使用的低伤害酸液一起，用于1口注水井的解堵，效果良好。图7表4参5。     

Colloidal Synthesis of Hollow Cobalt Sulfide Nanocrystals

Formation of cobalt sulfide hollow nanocrystals through a mechanism similar to the Kirkendall Effect has been investigated in detail. It is found that performing the reaction at > 120 °C leads to fast formation of a single void inside each shell, whereas at room temperature multiple voids are formed within each shell, which can be attributed to strongly temperature‐dependent diffusivities for vacancies. The void formation process is dominated by outward diffusion of cobalt cations; still, the occurrence of significant inward transport of sulfur anions can be inferred as the final voids are smaller in diameter than the original cobalt nanocrystals. Comparison of volume distributions for initial and final nanostructures indicates excess apparent volume in shells, implying significant porosity and/or a defective structure. Indirect evidence for fracture of shells during growth at lower temperatures was observed in shell‐size statistics and transmission electron microscopy images of as‐grown shells. An idealized model of the diffusional process imposes two minimal requirements on material parameters for shell growth to be obtainable within a specific synthetic system.     

Encapsulation and Ostwald Ripening of Au and Au–Cl Complex Nanostructures in Silica Shells

We report a general template strategy for rational fabrication of a new class of nanostructured materials consisting of multicore shell particles. Our approach is demonstrated by encapsulating Au or Pt nanoparticles in silica shells. Other superstructures of these hollow shells, like dimers, trimers, and tetramers can also be formed by nanoparticle‐mediated self‐assembly. We have also used the as‐prepared multicore Au–silica hollow particles to perform the first studies of Ostwald ripening in confined microspace, in which chloride was found to be an efficient mediating ligand. After treatment with aqua regia, Au–Cl complex is formed inside the shell, and is found to be very active under in situ transmission electron microscopy observations while confined in a microcell. This aspect of the work is expected to motivate further in situ studies of confined crystal growth.     

A Lattice Approach to Image Segmentation

After a formal definition of segmentation as the largest partition of the space according to a criterion σ and a function f, the notion of a morphological connection is reminded. It is used as an input to a central theorem of the paper (Theorem 8), that identifies segmentation with the connections that are based on connective criteria. Just as connections, the segmentations can then be regrouped by suprema and infima. The generality of the theorem makes it valid for functions from any space to any other one. Two propositions make precise the AND and OR combinations of connective criteria. The soundness of the approach is demonstrated by listing a series of segmentation techniques. One considers first the cases when the segmentation under study does not involve initial seeds. Various modes of regularity are discussed, which all derive from Lipschitz functions. A second category of examples involves the presence of seeds around which the partition of the space is organized. An overall proposition shows that these examples are a matter for the central theorem. Watershed and jump connection based segmentations illustrate this type of situation. The third and last category of examples deals with cases when the segmentation occurs in an indirect space, such as an histogram, and is then projected back on the actual space under study. The relationships between filtering and segmentation are then investigated. A theoretical chapter introduces and studies the two notions of a pulse opening and of a connected operator. The conditions under which a family of pulse openings can yield a connected filter are clarified. The ability of segmentations to generate pyramids, or hierarchies, is analyzed. A distinction is made between weak hierarchies where the partitions increase when going up in the pyramid, and the strong hierarchies where the various levels are structured as semi-groups, and particularly as granulometric semi-groups. The last section is based on one example, and goes back over the controversy about “lattice” versus “functional” optimization. The problem is now tackled via a case of colour segmentation, where the saturation serves as a cursor between luminance and hue. The emphasis is put on the difficulty of grouping the various necessary optimizations into a single one.     

低流度油藏分类及开发特征研究

低流度油藏指流度低于30×10-3μm2/mPa.s的油藏。根据流度大小以及油藏在开发生产中表现出的特征,可将低流度油藏分为一般低流度油藏、特低流度油藏和超低流度油藏。对大港低流度油藏的研究表明,由于低流度油藏地质情况复杂,地层认识不清,因而开发特征复杂,表现为采油速度低,采出程度和采收率低;注水效果差,油藏井距不适应;油井见水后含水迅速上升,产量则急剧下降。     

川东北飞仙关组碳酸盐岩气藏产能影响因素及压裂酸化新技术探讨

川东北地区飞仙关组碳酸盐岩气藏的储集层条件起好，不论直井还是水平井均可获高产工业气流，投产前的解堵酸化均可实现大幅度增产。在分析介绍该地区气藏地质特征的基础上，全面剖析了影响产能的主要因素，并对多功能深部酸化技术方案和稠化酸加砂压裂技术方案进行了具体探讨。     

VFP环境下报表设计研究

Visual FoxPro是小型数据库应用系统开发工具,而报表设计是数据库应用系统开发的一个重要组成部分,直接决定系统的输出是否能够满足用户的需要。为此详细研究了报表设计方法,结合Microsoft的OLE技术,引入面向对象方法,提出了一种新的报表设计方法。实践应用证明,该方法非常适合设计复杂的报表。