W波段64通道相控阵微系统设计与实现

相控阵微系统的主要特征是电路与天线的高度融合集成,将三维微纳集成技术和微电子技术紧密地结合在一起,切合相控阵高频化、小型化和低成本的发展需求。本文设计了一款W波段的封装天线相控阵微系统,该相控阵采用硅基三维集成的方式将T/R多功能芯片、天线阵列集成在一个微系统模块中,并详细介绍了基于硅工艺的多功能收发芯片设计和相控阵封装天线设计。给出了相控阵微系统的测试结果。该微系统具有高集成度、高性能、低成本的特点,可以为高速无线通信、高精度探测和成像等应用提供一个较优的技术路径。     

Engineering Bimetallic Ag–Cu Nanoalloys for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts: A Guideline for Designing Ag‐Based Electrocatalysts with Activity Comparable to Pt/C‐20%

Development of highly active and stable Pt‐free oxygen reduction reaction catalysts from earth‐abundant elements remains a grand challenge for highly demanded metal–air batteries. Ag‐based alloys have many advantages over platinum group catalysts due to their low cost, high stability, and acceptable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in alkaline solutions. Nevertheless, compared to commercial Pt/C‐20%, their catalytic activity still cannot meet the demand of commercialization. In this study, a kind of catalysts screening strategy on Ag_x Cu_100?x nanoalloys is reported, containing the surface modification method, studies of activity enhancement mechanism, and applied research on zinc–air batteries. The results exhibit that the role of selective dealloying (DE) or galvanic displacement (GD) is limited by the “parting limitation”, and this “parting limitation” determines the surface topography, position of d‐band center, and ORR performance of Ag_x Cu_100?x alloys. The GD‐Ag₅₅Cu₄₅ and DE‐Ag₂₅Cu₇₅ catalysts alloys present excellent ORR performance that is comparable to Pt/C‐20%. The relationship between electronic perturbation and specific activity demonstrates that positive shift of the d‐band center (≈0.12 eV, relative to Ag) for GD‐Ag₅₅Cu₄₅ is beneficial for ORR, which is contrary to Pt‐based alloys (negative shift, ≈0.1 eV). Meanwhile, extensive electrochemical and electronic structure characterization indicates that the high work function of GD‐Ag₅₅Cu₄₅ (4.8 eV) is the reason behind their excellent durability for zinc–air batteries.     

Insights into the Influence of Work Functions of Cathodes on Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells

Though various efforts on modification of electrodes are still undertaken to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, attributing to the large scope of these methods, it is of significance to unveil the working principle systematically. Herein, inverted perovskite solar cells based on indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁ BM)/buffer metal/Al are constructed. Through the choice of different buffer metals to tune work function of the cathode, the contact nature of the active layer with the cathode could be manipulated well. In comparison with the device using Au/Al as the electrode that shows an unfavorable band bending for conducting the excited electrons to the cathode, the one with Ca/Al presents a dramatically improved efficiency over 17.1%, ascribed to the favorable band bending at the interface of the cathode with the active layer. Details for tuning the band bending and the corresponding charge transfer mechanism are given in a systematic manner. Thus, a general guideline for constructing perovskite photovoltaic devices efficiently is provided.     

双局域共振机制声子晶体带隙特性研究

提出了一种双局域共振机制,结合有限元法对该机制声子晶体结构的带隙生成机理和带隙的影响因素进行了深入分析研究。2个刚性质量体互为刚性边界和振子,由此产生了2个可以互相转化的局域共振单元。双局域共振结构的带隙位置由2个等效单自由度系统的固有频率共同决定,带隙的宽度与2个质量体密度、内振子半径、弹性介质的弹性模量密切相关。研究发现,2个质量体密度差别越大、弹性介质弹性模量越高,带隙的宽度就越大。该机制在一定程度上削弱了基体与振子的紧密耦合关系,该结构具有较大的带隙变化范围,极大地增大了带隙的宽度,为宽频声子晶体结构的研究提供了新的思路。     

黑磷烯制备与应用研究进展

黑磷烯因具有直接带隙和优异的电子迁移率等良好性能,成为一种备受关注的新型二维材料。概述了黑磷烯的制备方法,系统介绍了黑磷烯在场效应晶体管、光电元件、气体传感器及太阳能电池等领域的应用,分析了限制黑磷烯应用的主要因素。最后,展望了黑磷烯未来的发展趋势和应用前景。