连续光源原子吸收光谱仪--划时代的技术革命

长期以来，原子吸收使用的光源主要是空心阴极灯，即锐线光源原子吸收，每分析一个元素就要更换一个元素灯，使原子吸收分析的速度、信息量和使用的方便性等方面受到了限制。商品化连续光源原子吸收多元素分析一直是分析工作者的一个长期梦想。详细介绍了由德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司(Analytik Jena AG)成功研制的世界第一台商品化连续光源原子吸收光谱仪(contrAA)的关键技术、主要技术指标、显著特点和发展前景。     

基于电能计量芯片CS5463A的电子式电能表的设计

针对目前应用需求设计了一款新型多功能电子式电能表。本文主要介绍该电能表的主要功能以及所采用的电能计量芯片CS5463A的特性、工作原理以及在电子式电能表中的应用电路，最后介绍了CS5463A芯片通讯接口的实现。     

DG placement in radial distribution network by symbiotic organisms search algorithm for real power loss minimization

Incorporation of distributed generation (DG) in distribution network may reduce the network loss if DG of appropriate size is placed at proper strategic location. The current article presents determination of optimal size and location of DG in radial distribution network (RDN) for the reduction of network loss considering deterministic load demand and DG generation using symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm. SOS algorithm is a meta-heuristic technique, inspired by the symbiotic relationship between different biological species. In this paper, optimal size and location of DG are obtained for two different RDNs (such as, 33-bus and 69-bus distribution networks). The obtained results, using the proposed SOS, are compared to the results offered by some other optimization algorithms like particle swarm optimization, teaching-learning based optimization, cuckoo search, artificial bee colony, gravitational search algorithm and stochastic fractal search. The comparison is done based on minimum loss of the distribution network as well as based on the convergence mobility of the fitness function offered by each of the comparative algorithms for both the networks under consideration. It is established that the proposed SOS algorithm offers better result as compared to other optimization algorithms under consideration. The results are also compared to the existing solution available in the literature.     

Numerical verification of the continuous calculation method for tip stress during the driving process of the dynamic penetration test

This paper presents a calculation method for obtaining the continuous variation in stress between the tip and the soil during dynamic penetration tests, particularly in the case of using the Panda 3® penetration testing device. The originality of the method is that the tip stress can be computed continuously throughout the driving process. For each impact of the hammer on the penetrometer, data are recorded by sensors located at the top of the apparatus. Then, the stress at the tip and the displacement of the apparatus are calculated with a method based on the propagation of waves in the device. A three-dimensional numerical model of the penetration test, based on the Panda 3® specifications and using the discrete element method (DEM), is proposed in this paper. The purpose of the simulations is to validate the calculation method by comparing the curves of the tip stress versus the penetration distance obtained in two different ways, the first being the distance directly observed at the tip and the second being the distance calculated from the data recorded at the top of the penetrometer, as with the experimental device. The entire apparatus is represented, including the hammer, the rod, and the tip, and is driven into the model soil. The calculation method is applied, and the results are compared to the actual response of the soil to the driving of the penetrometer directly at the tip, which can be obtained with the numerical model. The responses are found to be very similar, confirming the theoretical framework and its underlying assumptions. This method is applied to dynamic penetration tests and provides the opportunity to obtain mechanical parameters other than the tip resistance from the tests.     

基于压缩感知的移动群智感知任务分发机制

针对移动群智感知任务中区域全覆盖感知成本过高问题，提出基于压缩感知的移动群智感知任务分发（CS-TD）机制。首先提出了感知任务整体成本模型，该模型综合考虑了参与感知任务的节点个数、节点的感知次数与数据上传次数；然后基于成本模型，分析感知节点的日常移动轨迹，结合压缩感知数据采集技术，提出了一种基于感知节点轨迹的压缩感知采样方法；其次通过区域全覆盖最少节点（RCLN）算法，选出最佳节点集合，对节点进行任务分配，利用压缩感知技术恢复节点数据；最后在多次感知任务的迭代中对感知节点的可信程度进行评定，保证任务方案的最优性。对CS-TD分发模型进行多次实验验证，与已有的CrowdTasker算法相比，CS-TD算法平均成本降低了30%以上。CS-TD模型能有效降低感知节点的消耗，能在全覆盖感知任务中降低整体感知成本。     

Coastal trapped waves in the southern Caspian Sea

Previous studies reported coastal trapped waves (CTWs) in the Caspian Sea (CS). This study deals with the generation mechanisms, the temporal and spatial variability of CTWs in this area, and their transformations during propagation from the origin to the destination using recent measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations. CTWs are observed at all stations with periods of 2–6 days after northerly storms. The Absheron Peninsula, old Sefidrud delta, and Nur coasts were identified as the CTWs prone regions. The generation of CTWs in these locations was confirmed using numerical experiments. The propagation away from the generating location of CTWs was analyzed using a representative real wind storm. In the west part of the CS, the generation mechanism of CTWs is mainly similar to the barotropic Kelvin waves; in contrast, it is similar to the continental shelf waves in the southern shelves. The results can be used to study the contribution of generated CTWs to the transport of sediment and biological materials in all large lakes.     

基于掩膜预处理的稀疏表示和压缩感知图像重建

近年来兴起的压缩感知（compressive sensing, or compressed sampling,CS）理论对信号稀疏性的要求,使信号的稀疏表示得到了前所未有的关注。考虑到现实信号往往是非稀疏性的,而压缩感知理论要求被测信号必须满足稀疏性或在某个规范正交基下满足稀疏性,因此信号的稀疏性表示变得十分重要。主要研究探索了二值掩膜预处理的稀疏表示方法。结合二值掩膜的算法去除人眼不敏感的DCT系数,在不影响图像主观质量的前提下提高测量系数的稀疏度。实验表明提出的预处理方法减少了CS的重建时间,并且提高了图像的重建质量。     

GIS中盆式绝缘子沿面放电的新特征气体CS_2

盆式绝缘子沿面放电是气体绝缘组合电器(GIS)的主要绝缘故障形式。为监测盆式绝缘子的绝缘状况,研究GIS内环氧树脂固体绝缘介质发生沿面放电情况下SF6特征分解产物的变化规律,在小型模拟平台上试验发现,CS2是盆式绝缘子沿面放电时SF6气体生成的产物,并在110 k V GIS母线段实体绝缘子沿面放电试验中得到验证。用B3P86量子化学理论计算方法,得出了SF6在盆式绝缘子沿面放电条件下CS2的产生途径和能量条件。试验与理论计算结果表明,盆式绝缘子等固体绝缘介质发生沿面放电时GIS的内部发生复杂的化学反应,会有多种途径生成CS2,且由盆式绝缘子等环氧树脂介质表面炭化后提供碳源。CS2是一种可用于GIS中盆式绝缘子沿面放电故障诊断的特征气体。将CS2作为特征气体应用于生产实际检测,成功发现多起运行中的GIS涉及盆式绝缘子沿面放电导致绝缘损坏的潜伏性缺陷。     

充放储一体站并网的多级阶梯电压控制分区方法

针对电动汽车充放储一体站并网带来的电压问题以及电压控制分区方法的不足,提出一种一体站并网的多级阶梯电压控制分区方法。在定义无功源控制的电气距离和评价分区质量的加权社团结构(community structure,CS)多目标模块度指标的基础上,多级阶梯电压控制分区方法分降维聚类、分裂凝聚、还原调整3级进行最优分区。在分区中结合电网运行状态,对一体站功能行为进行多场景优化,根据场景概率计算无功期望。算例采用 IEEE39节点系统对一体站并网进行电压控制分区,验证了方法的合理性和正定性,反映出一体站并网对分区带来的影响;同时采用 IEEE118节点系统进行电压控制分区,验证了方法应用在大系统中的合理性和高效性。     

CS1000P6L型钻机在地表水平钻孔中的应用研究

通过对CS1000P6L型钻机主要技术参数的分析,认为其在0°~45°的倾角范围内实现岩心钻探施工具有一定的可行性。通过对钻机的主要部件——动力头的进一步研究后,选取了一个具体的项目进行了应用实验,针对实验过程中发现的问题,进行了认真分析并加以解决,从而验证了该钻机在0°~45°倾角条件下工作性能的可靠性。还通过对钻机在水平孔施工时的相关配套研究,不仅解决了施工人员的操作平台及钻杆钻具的摆放问题,还解决了钻机在工作中位移控制问题。实践证明,该设备完全可以在0°~45°的倾角范围内实现岩心钻探的施工工作,为该型设备的拓展应用提供了可靠依据,在岩心钻探领域具有良好的推广价值和现实意义。