中石油成品油营销之差距与对策

与国外大石油公司相比,当前中石油在成品油终端销售方面还存在一些差距,比如管理较落后,流通费用较高,员工素质偏低,技术手段还不够先进,品牌影响力还不够强等等。要提高中石油在成品油市场上的地位,还需要从企业竞争能力、价值链优化整合、市场定位、营销策略等方面进行不断的探索与努力。     

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日本政府采取一整套行之有效的政策措施来促进天然气消费，这套政策措施是：以立法的形式促进天然气消费，大力发展燃气企业，支持与鼓励天然气发电，大力发展燃气空调，支持和资助天然气实用技术的开发，以各种方式会同各家公司建立某些机构促进日本天然气产业的发展，采取财政信贷措施支持天然气的进口。对我国的启示是：建立和完善与天然气相关约法律法规体系，成立一些中介机构，鼓励开拓天然气利用的新途径，采取优惠措施鼓励居民使用天然气，同时政府应积极参与和支持新技术的研究、开发、应用和推广。     

日本稀土贮氢电池现状和发展趋势

本文论述了日本稀土贮氢电池的生产现状、市场分析和发展趋势。     

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由于天然气输气管线埋在地下，在通球清管过程中，球的运行情况不能直接观察，管线入口和出口压力在球运行过程中的变化也不能提前预测，也难准确控制进气量，使球能以１ｍ／ｓ的速度到达出口，为此进行了天然气输气管线清管通球计算机仿真系统的设计与实现的研制。该仿真系统是在深入分析和研究天然气输气管线清管通球运行规律的影响因素的基础上，以数据库管理、计算机仿真技术和人工智能等新技术为主要工具来开发的。着重介绍了该仿真系统的总体结构与功能设计，软件编程与调试。该仿真系统能真实仿真清管球在管线内运行，通过对靖边—榆林输气管线多次清管通球的运行过程实际模拟，其符合率在９３％以上。     

Optimal Control of Solar Sludge Dryers

Optimal control (OC) methodology is used to develop a control policy for a batch-operated solar sludge dryer with ventilation as the dominant control. Batch performance criteria and instantaneous optimization criteria are developed for two economic environments: quota limited and capital limited. The general formulation, as well as simplifications resulting from the multiplicative form of the evaporation (drying) rate model, are presented. The multiplicative form results in a single constant number, called here “control intensity,” which is used to guide the on-line control decisions. These decisions turn out to be independent of the dry solids content (DSC) of the sludge. Further simplification, by assuming a strictly constant weather, is used to demonstrate the general effects of the economic and physical (weather) environment on the solution.

The OC approach is used to address, via simulation under realistic weather conditions, several design, operation, and pricing problems. In particular, the following have been considered: sizing of the ventilation fans, determination of a fair fee for sludge disposal, finding the best final DSC, and evaluating the effect of the price of electricity. Regarding the particular location represented by the data, it has been shown that the installed capacity of the ventilation fans should be increased and that there seems to be sufficient economic incentive for solar drying.     

中国进口沥青市场分析

分析国内中长期沥青需求，分析我国近十年的沥青进出口状况及主要进口国的产销情况，分析影响沥青进口的因素尤其是进口关税对进口量的影响和进口的发展趋势。     

新技术在制盐行业设备管理中的应用

通过新设备、新技术的引进和应用。重庆索特股份有限公司加强设备管理，不管是在规范性上，还是在可操作性上，都取得了明显的效果。去年全年设备维修费用大幅度降低，经济效益明显。     

Integration of multiple national markets for electricity: The case of Norway and Sweden

During the second part of the 1990s the Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) countries have created a unique multinational market for electricity. This paper aims to analyse the degree of integration of the different national markets that constitute the Nordic electricity market. In particular the Norwegian and Swedish wholesale and retail electricity markets are analysed. The results suggest that the wholesale markets are well integrated. Thus prices differ significantly only during periods with unusually high or low supply of hydropower. However, the retail markets are not integrated to the same degree. Thus retail prices and trade margins differ significantly. Differences in the national electricity market legislation seem to be a key factor behind these differences.     

浅谈石油化工科研单位的物资管理

简要介绍了石化科研单位物资管理的特点，指出在管理中存在的问题并进行了分析，并对采取的改进措施进行了讨论和总结。     

拉动内需要培育农村市场

农村市场是个庞大的消费市场,农民是消费的最大阶层。拉动内需不能不启动农村市场,不能没有农民的参与。