An evaluation of energy-environment-economic efficiency for EU,APEC and ASEAN countries: Design of a Target-Oriented DFM model with fixed factors in Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper aims to offer an advanced assessment methodology for sustainable national energy-environment-economic efficiency strategies, based on an extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The use of novel efficiency-improving approaches based on DEA originates from the so-called Distance Friction Minimisation (DFM) method. To design a feasible improvement strategy for low-efficiency DMUs, we develop here a Target-Oriented (TO) DFM model. However, in many real-world cases input factors may not be flexibly adjusted in the short run. In this study, we integrate the TO-DFM model with a fixed (inflexible) factor (FF) approach to cope with such more realistic circumstances. Super-efficiency DEA is next used in our comparative study on the efficiency assessment of energy-environment-economic targets for the EU, APEC and ASEAN (A&A) countries, employing appropriate data sets from the years 2003 to 2012. We consider two inputs (primary energy consumption and population) and two outputs (CO₂ and GDP), including a fixed input factor (viz. population). On the basis of our DEA analysis results, EU countries appear to exhibit generally a higher efficiency than A&A countries. The above-mentioned TO-DFM-FF projection model is able to address realistic circumstances and requirements in an operational sustainability strategy for efficiency improvement in inefficient countries in the A&A region.     

现场总线控制系统

通过对比分析了现场总线控制系统与传统集散系统的联系与区别。剖析了现场总线的实质与分层结构的内涵。并论及当前我国如何迎接现场总线技术的挑战。     

FF现场总线系统中网络管理功能的实现

对基金会现场总线系统的体系结构中的网络管理部门进行了分析和探讨 。     

基于Ovation系统的辅助系统监视方案比较与选择

本文介绍了三种基于0vation系统的金属壁温数据采集方寨，对各自的优缺点进行了比较分析，结果显示：Ovation一体化的智能远程I／O系统实现全厂DOS一体化，方便运行维护和管理，基于Modbus协议的智能远程I／O系统性价比最高，基于FF技术的智能仪表系统最具有发展潜力。因此对于辅助系统的监视可根据用户的不同的侧重点采用智能远程I／O或现场总线技术。本文结论对确定辅助系统监视方寨有一定的指导意义。     

Intracerebroventricular Neuropeptide FF Diminishes the Number of Apneas and Cardiovascular Effects Produced by Opioid Receptors’ Activation

The opioid-induced analgesia is associated with a number of side effects such as addiction, tolerance and respiratory depression. The involvement of neuropeptide FF (NPFF) in modulation of pain perception, opioid-induced tolerance and dependence was well documented in contrast to respiratory depression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the potency of NPFF to block post-opioid respiratory depression, one of the main adverse effects of opioid therapy. Urethane-chloralose anaesthetized Wistar rats were injected either intravenously (iv) or intracerebroventricularly (icv) with various doses of NPFF prior to iv endomorphin-1 (EM-1) administration. Iv NPFF diminished the number of EM-1-induced apneas without affecting their length and without influence on the EM-1 induced blood pressure decline. Icv pretreatment with NPFF abolished the occurrence of post-EM-1 apneas and reduced also the maximal drop in blood pressure and heart rate. These effects were completely blocked by the NPFF receptor antagonist RF9, which was given as a mixture with NPFF before systemic EM-1 administration. In conclusion, our results showed that centrally administered neuropeptide FF is effective in preventing apnea evoked by stimulation of μ-opioid receptors and the effect was due to activation of central NPFF receptors. Our finding indicates a potential target for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression.     

现场总线仪表的选型设计

现场总线控制系统中现场总线仪表的选型设计十分重要。从减少现场总线通讯量的设计原则出发,讨论了简单控制系统、串级控制系统中现场总线仪表的选型设计。     

金隆铜业闪速炉余热锅炉炉型的改造与优化

重点介绍金隆铜业闪速炉余热锅炉改造原因、改造过程及改造后的效果,并采用当今最先进的CFD仿真技术优化余热锅炉炉型结构和盐化喷嘴设置位置。     

贵冶2~#闪速炉自控系统概况及优化

贵溪冶炼厂2#闪速炉自控系统采用了当今最较先进的FF现场总线技术。自2007年8月投运以来,系统的稳定性、可靠性都很高。在系统的运行过程中也出现了一些问题,如:部分操作站的用户权限和权限范围发生了变化,导致部分设备不能操作;失重秤控制器(WB930)与Deltav系统的通讯出现过间断性通讯故障,导致失重秤间歇性停运等等。技术人员针对出现的问题进行分析并与生产厂家进行沟通,最终找到解决办法。技术人员根据工艺需要对系统中的控制方案不断进行优化、完善,同时充分利用FF总线系统中的AMS/PRM等资源管理软件对FF总线设备状态进行在线监视及诊断。这些举措大大降低了设备故障发生率,提高了闪速炉作业率。     

基金会现场总线技术在石化装置中的应用

简述基金会总线(FF)技术的基本原理;结合FF技术与常规控制技术特点,对两种控制系统进行比较;通过实际项目,简述了FF的网段设计,并对FF技术与常规技术的投资进行了比较研究;利用最新版《现场总线设计指南》(3.1版),对FF技术的适用度进行研究。     

基于Zigbee技术的LED灯光控制器的设计及应用

本设计主要是将Zigbee无线技术应用在LED照明工程中,解决了白炽灯耗电严重,使用寿命短的问题,同时解决照明工程中布线复杂、高功耗、资源浪费大、受距离限制、维护困难的问题。基于Zigbee技术具有短距离、低功耗、低数据速率、低成本、低复杂度等优点,设计出基于Zigbee技术的智能家居LED灯光无线控制系统。主要利用Zigbee无线自组网技术,实现了对LED灯的开关和亮度调节的无线控制,并且功能细致可以分为单个灯光控制和局域灯光控制。