Performance control of asymmetric poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) ultrafiltration membrane using gelation

We studied the influence of the gelation conditions on the formation kinetics of the polyphthalazine ether sulfone ketone (PPESK) membrane via wet phase inversion process experimentally and theoretically. Membrane formation and its morphology were first observed with an online optical microscope - CCD camera system. The resulting membranes prepared under various gelation conditions were then characterized by the gelation parameter, optical microscope, and SEM. Lastly, the relationship between the final membrane structure/permeation properties and the gelation parameter was discussed extensively. The results showed that both the gelation rate and the membrane flux increased dramatically as the gelation temperature increased. Moreover, the membrane structures became loose, and the porosity of membrane increased. Different non-solvent could change the solubility parameter between the polymer and the non-solvent, and thus the gelation rate greatly. With the increasing number of carbons in non-solvent, the gelation rate became slow, and the membrane gradually changed from a finger structure into a sponge structure. Adding NMP into the non-solvent changed the difference in the chemical potential and the solubility parameter between the polymer solution and the non-solvent, which in turn changed the gelation rate of polymer solution greatly. With the increasing concentration of NMP in non-solvent, the gelation rate became very slow and sponge structures formed with the non-solvent system of 80% NMP. A novel conclusion could be made that we could control the flux and reject of membrane just by changing the mean diffusion coefficient of skin, D, and the diffusion coefficient of skin, D1, in the process of membrane formation. This work was presented at 13 ^th YABEC symposium held at Seoul, Korea, October 20–22, 2007.     

曲线拟合约束稀疏脉冲反演技术在薄储层中的应用研究

各种测井曲线对同一地质体有不同的地球物理场响应,它们之间存在一定的相关性,由于这种相关性非声波测井曲线可以拟合出声波曲线进行约束反演。本文以某陆相薄砂泥互层为例,针对原始声波测井曲线对薄砂体不敏感而伽玛测井曲线的高频成份对砂泥岩性变化敏感,同时与声波时差之间具有很好的相关性,利用小波多尺度分解对声波中的低频信息进行了提取,应用统计回归加低频的方法对曲线进行了重构。然后,在Jason里面用拟合曲线进行约束稀疏脉冲反演,拟合曲线反演显著地突出了所需的信息,有效地提高了对砂岩的识别能力。     

基于拓扑学的行星轮系综合与研究

应用拓扑图对行星轮系进行综合与研究是寻找新行星轮系的一种最有效方法。利用拓扑学探讨了拓扑图基本构成和行星轮系的基本单元,通过对行星轮系演化和反演规律的深入研究得到了行星轮系图库建立的方法与基础,为行星轮系的创新设计提供了一种简单而又可行的途径。     

高含水油田地震油藏描述关键技术

针对高含水油田开发后期地震油藏描述的目标尺度小、井网密、资料时间跨度大等特点,提出了以井控处理、井控解释和井震联合反演为核心的油藏描述技术思路,系统开展了地震油藏描述关键技术研究。总结形成了5项关键技术:①地震岩石物理分析,包括面向地震储集层预测的测井资料处理和解释,地震岩石物理建模及其应用,岩性、物性和含油气性敏感因子优选等;②井控地震资料处理,包括井控高分辨率处理和保幅处理及其质控等;③井控精细构造解释,包括井控小断层解释、井控层位追踪和井控构造成图等;④井震联合地震反演,包括确定性反演和随机反演;⑤地震约束油藏建模和数值模拟。尽管高含水油田井网密度大,但仅通过已知井对井间储集层分布进行推断,其结果仍然是不准确的,只有充分发挥密井网资料优势,通过多学科结合才能明显改善地震油藏描述的效果。     

无井约束反演在神狐海域水合物预测中的应用

天然气水合物是天然气与水在高压低温条件下形成的类似冰状的结晶物质,其分布广、资源量巨大、能量密度高,极具开发前景。以神狐海域为例,介绍了在无井约束的情况下,如何应用地震反演方法。通过分析阻抗值的差异及分布特征,预测神狐海域水合物的展布。整体预测效果较好。总结了预测流程及预测的成功经验,为海域水合物矿产的预测及勘探和开采提供了借鉴。     

塔中BZ井区碳酸盐岩非均质储层叠前精细预测技术

塔中BZ井区上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩体储集层是油气勘探重要目的层之一,其特点是埋藏深,储集层基质孔渗低,储集空间多为构造裂缝及溶蚀作用所产生的孔、缝、洞系统,储集体受多种因素控制,纵横向非均质性强,叠后声阻抗反演技术和常规叠后地震属性分析技术难以有效预测该类储层。因此有必要开展叠前弹性波阻抗反演研究。给出了叠前弹性波阻抗反演技术的主要实现方法、步骤,比较了利用弹性波阻抗反演技术与常规叠后声阻抗反演技术预测上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩体储层实际应用效果。结果表明弹性参数预测储层分辨率高,能够反映碳酸盐岩储层非均质性分布特征,与实际的钻探成果具有较好的一致性,该方法对塔中地区下一步碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有一定的参考意义。     

低频地震勘探与低频可控震源

低频地震勘探是近年来非常"热"的话题,本文探究了为什么低频地震勘探能够如此吸引众人的眼球,而低频可控震源为什么"千呼万唤"始出来?低频地震信号激发技术究竟面临哪些挑战?低频可控震源有哪些关键的技术参数?文中还结合KZ-28LF低频可控震源在国内开展的先导性试验,为业界展示其低频信号激发技术在解决油气问题方面的能力。     

Preparation and characterization of hyperthin-skinned and high performances asymmetric polyethersulfone membrane for gas separation

Defect-free high performance membranes for O₂/N₂ separation were prepared by coating the porous polyethersulphone (PES) membrane of hyperthin-skin layer with silicone rubber. The combined effects of fabrication parameters in dry/wet phase inversion process and of the casting dope rheology enabled improved of membrane performance in O₂ and N₂ separation, i.e. the optimum range was found to be from 149 to 447 s^{− 1} and 10 to 14 s, respectively, for the shear rate and the evaporation time to prepare the hyperthin-skinned asymmetric polyethersulfone membranes. The optimum polymer concentration was 32 wt.% , 61 wt.% and 7 wt.% for PES, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and water respectively. The thinnest skin layer thickness was 538 ± 95.6 Å. Evaporation time and casting shear have been identified as the dominant fabrication parameters in controlling skin layer thickness and skin integrity.     

惠州地区新近系岩性油藏储层预测方法研究

惠州地区新近系岩性油藏分布受构造、岩性双重因素控制,在开展岩性油藏储层预测研究过程中,以高分辨率地震处理资料为基础,精细层位标定和解释为纽带,利用地震属性分析技术和Jason反演技术等有效手段,对目标砂体的展布进行精细描述,直观准确地刻画了砂体在空间上的分布规律,为该地区岩性圈闭识别提供重要依据。     

Simple algorithm for soil moisture retrieval with co-polarized SAR data

In this paper, an empirical methodology to retrieve bare soil moisture by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is developed. The model is based on Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM). Since AIEM cannot express cross-polarized backscattering coefficients accurately, we propose an empirical model to retrieve soil moisture for bare farmland only with co-polarized SAR data. The soil moisture can be obtained by solving an equation of HH and VV polarized data without any field measurements. Both simulated and real SAR data are used to validate the accuracy of the model. This method is especially effective in a large area where the surface roughness is difficult to be completely measured.