Understanding interaction mechanisms between pentlandite and gangue minerals by zeta potential and surface force measurements

Understanding the interaction between valuable and gangue minerals is of both fundamental and practical importance in the field of flotation. In this study, we investigated the interactions between valuable (i.e. pentlandite) and gangue minerals (i.e. serpentine, olivine, and magnesite) in an aqueous solution by directly measuring the zeta potential distributions. In addition, interaction force measurements using an atomic force microscope (AFM) were performed between a silicon nitride tip and gangue mineral surfaces, and the classical Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory was used to fit the interaction force between the silicon nitride tip and gangue mineral surfaces. In the case of serpentine and pentlandite mixture system at pH 10.1, only a single zeta potential distribution was obtained, as compared to two distinct distributions for the two individual minerals, indicating an attractive interaction is present between the two minerals. For olivine and pentlandite mixture system, a single distribution with two distinct spikes was obtained in the zeta potential distribution of the mixture, indicating repulsive interaction between the two minerals. Similarly, a single distribution with two distinct spikes was also observed in the zeta potential distribution of magnesite and pentlandite mixture system, indicating repulsive interaction between the two minerals. Repulsive interaction between silicon nitride tip and olivine surface, and slight attractive interaction between silicon nitride tip and magnesite surface, were observed and consistent with the DLVO model. The zeta potential and AFM force measurements show good agreement regarding the surface charge properties and interactions of the minerals, and provide complementary information and new insights into the interaction mechanism of valuable and gangue minerals.     

Design and analysis of implantable CPW fed bowtie antenna for ISM band applications

A novel implantable coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed crossed bowtie antenna is proposed for short-range biomedical applications. The antenna is designed to resonate at 2.45 GHz, one of the industrial-scientific-medical (ISM) bands. It is investigated by use of the method of moments design equations and its simulation software (IE3D version 15). The size of the antenna is 371.8 mm³ (26 mm × 22 mm × 0.65 mm). The simulated and analyzed return losses are −23 and −25 dB at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. We have analyzed some more performances of the proposed antenna and the results show that the proposed antenna is a perfect candidate for implantation. The proposed antenna has substantial merits like low profile, miniaturization, lower return loss and better impedance matching with high gain over other implanted antennas.     

Alkaline aluminum phosphate glasses for thermal ion-exchanged optical waveguide

Alkaline aluminum phosphate glasses (NMAP) with excellent chemical durability for thermal ion-exchanged optical waveguide have been designed and investigated. The transition temperature Tg (470 °C) is higher than the ion-exchange temperature (390 °C), which is favorable to sustain the stability of the glass structure for planar waveguide fabrication. The effective diffusion coefficient D_e of K⁺–Na⁺ ion exchange in NMAP glasses is 0.110 μm²/min, indicating that ion exchange can be achieved efficiently in the optical glasses. Single-mode channel waveguide has been fabricated on Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped NMAP glass substrate by standard micro-fabrication and K⁺–Na⁺ ion exchange. The mode field diameter is 9.6 μm in the horizontal direction and 6.0 μm in the vertical direction, respectively, indicating an excellent overlap with a standard single-mode fiber. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameter Ω₂ is 5.47 × 10⁻²⁰ cm², implying a strong asymmetrical and covalent environment around Er³⁺ in the optical glasses. The full width at half maximum and maximum stimulated emission cross section of the ⁴I_13/2 → ⁴I_15/2 are 30 nm and 6.80 × 10⁻²¹ cm², respectively, demonstrating that the phosphate glasses are potential glass candidates in developing compact optoelectronic devices. Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ doped NMAP glasses are promising candidates to fabricate waveguide amplifiers and lasers operating at special telecommunication windows.     

220 GHz折叠波导慢波结构的有损参数化模型

建立了自洽的考虑波导璧损耗的折叠波导等效电路模型,用来计算该慢波结构周期TE10模式中各次空间谐波的相速度,耦合阻抗和线衰减系数.分析结果将会用到220 GHz折叠波导返波管一维束波互作用模型的计算中.当微波频率上升到太赫兹波段时,粗糙波导表面电流导致的壁损将不能再忽略不计.进一步研究表明,起振电流和输出功率水平将和损耗特性的计算密切相关.从原有模型发展而来的有损电路模型可以给出更准确损耗估计.建立了折叠波导慢波线三维谐振腔模型来验证本文的等效电路理论,有较好的吻合.采用了该理论导出参数的一维束波互作用模型和三维数值PIC方法同样有很好的一致性.     

一种基于基板缺陷的共面波导电磁带隙结构

提出了一种通过湿法腐蚀实现的基板缺陷共面波导电磁带隙结构,并进行了建模仿真、加工和测试.重点研究了基板缺陷结构与传统金属缺陷结构的差异,以及采用湿法腐蚀工艺的优势.实验结果显示:新结构具有明显的电磁带隙特性;与干法刻蚀工艺相比,采用湿法腐蚀工艺加工可以获得更宽的阻带范围和更强的阻带抑制.该结构完整保留了50 Ω共面波导的信号线和接地板金属,可以与传统的金属缺陷结构结合,以获得性能更好的器件.     

基于半圆异向波导的新型带通滤波器

根据异向传输线原理设计了一种半圆异向波导单元,基于该单元提出了一种新型带通滤波器。利用HFSS软件对级联的四阶单元进行仿真,研究了其不同结构参数对电磁波传输的影响。用八阶单元构成中心频率为2.8 GHz的新型带通滤波器,利用HFSS软件在S波段对其进行模拟。结果为:异向通带为2.25~3.25 GHz,3 d B带宽达35.7%。利用理论分析与仿真相结合的方法,验证了该滤波器具有异向特性,与常规波导滤波器及基于微带线异向传输线实现的滤波器相比该滤波器具有小尺寸、低成本、高功率容量、低损耗、带外衰减特性好等优点。     

基于并行FDTD方法分析表面等离子波导的特性

设计了一种双L形表面等离子体矩形环谐振器波导,采用并行时域有限差分方法,对这种波导的传输特性随几何结构参数的依赖关系进行了分析.计算结果表明通过改变输入/输出光波导的结构参数,可以调节该波导的消光比和频率选择特性.该波导结构能够有效地抑制后向辐射干扰并且大幅度地提高其场消光比,这使得此类谐振器结构更具有功能性.     

In the Pursuit of Pleasure: The Not so Fleeting Life of the Pavilion and its Ilk

Author and architecture critic for the London Evening Standard, Robert Bevan reflects on the enduring appeal of the temporary structure, speaking ‘to a latent desire for freedom and movement’ as a hangover of our nomadic past in a sedentary ‘civilised’ society. He highlights the type's historical apex in Henry VIII's palatial pop-up on the Field of the Cloth of Gold, questioning the purpose and purposelessness of more recent examples.     

宽带单脊波导缝隙天线阵设计

给出了一种新型脊波导宽边缝隙天线阵设计,天线阵被分成几个子阵形式,通过膜片的激励方式,由一个半高波导功分器馈电.设计、加工了一根16元波导天线阵,测试得到11.3%的阻抗带宽(VSWR＜1.5),天线辐射方向图最大副瓣电平低于-12 dB,具有低于-40 dB的交叉极化特性.