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31.
We have studied the CO2/CH4 mixed gas permeation through hollow fiber membranes in a permeator. An approach to characterize the true separation performance of hollow fiber membranes for binary gas mixtures was provided based on experiments and simulations. Experiments were carried out to measure the retentate and permeate flow rates and compositions at each outlet. The influences of pressure drop within the hollow fibers, non-ideal gas behavior in the mixture and concentration polarization were taken into consideration in the mathematics model. The calculation results indicate that the net influence of the non-ideal gas behavior, competitive sorption and plasticization yields the calculated CO2 permeance in a mixed gas permeator close to that obtained in pure gas tests. Whereas the CH4 permeance is higher in the mixed gas tests than that in the pure gas tests, as the plasticization caused by CO2 dominates the permeation process. As a result, the CO2/CH4 mixed gas selectivity is smaller than those obtained in pure gas tests at equivalent pressures.The calculated membrane performance shows little changes with stage cut if the effect of concentration polarization is accounted for in the calculation. The integration method developed in this study could provide more accurate characterizations of mixed gas permeance of hollow membranes than other estimation methods, as our model considers the roles of non-ideal gas behavior and concentration polarization properly. 相似文献
32.
Richard D. Dick William L. Fourney Deborah J. Goodings Chaun‐Ping Lin Leonhard E. Bernold 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1992,5(1):59-69
The utilization of explosives for excavation on the lunar surface is under serious consideration as a part of the design for construction of temporary and permanent bases. An excavation research program has shown that small‐scale explosives blasting in a lunar‐soil simulant will greatly reduce the digging forces required for scoop and dragline excavators. Some crater‐blasting parameters were determined for the lunar soil simulant at one Earth gravity and at 10 Earth gravities using a centrifuge. The size of the craters produced at 10 Earth gs matched those formed at one earth g by scaling according to the weight of the explosive. These data can be applied to explosive‐excavation problems such as habitat construction, burial of nuclear power sources, and the rapid construction of shelters remote from the main base to shield against solar‐flare activity. 相似文献
33.
换热网络的数值模拟在换热网络的定量分析中起着重要作用。但在模拟计算中,有时表现出数值稳定性差。提高数值稳定性的方法,目前多通过改善算法来实现。本文通过对换热网络数值模拟的误差分析,提出了误差放大因子的概念,并依此选择迭代变量。通过对迭代变量的选择,达到提高换热网络数值模拟稳定性的目的。 相似文献
34.
简要介绍了湘潭新大粉末冶金设备制造有限公司研制的一体化真空烧结炉的炉子结构、脱蜡系统、工艺气体的引入系统、设备的控制系统以及炉子性能的鉴定结果。 相似文献
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36.
Gamma distributions are some of the most popular models for hydrological processes. In this paper, a very flexible family which contains the gamma distribution as a particular case is introduced. Evidence of flexibility is shown by examining the shape of its probability density function (pdf). A treatment of the mathematical properties is provided by deriving expressions for the n th moment. Estimation and simulation issues are also considered. Finally, a detailed application to drought data from the State of Nebraska is illustrated. 相似文献
37.
Marek Markowski Ireneusz Bialobrzewski Janusz Bowszys Stanislaw Suchecki 《Drying Technology》2007,25(9):1527-1536
A neural-deterministic simulation model applied for calculating distributions of temperatures and moisture content in a bed of wheat stored in a steel silo without aeration is presented in the article. The model consists of differential equations of heat and moisture transfer, initial and boundary conditions, and three artificial neural networks used during simulated ambient air conditions. Experiments and computer simulations were carried out in order to determine temperature fields in wheat grain stored in a steel silo for two months. The computer simulations were carried using MATLAB and FEMLAB software. The difference between measured and simulated temperature in grain near the silo wall at a height of 2.5 m from the bottom was less than 3.0°C. On the basis of the analysis performed it was concluded that the temperature distributions obtained with the model were consistent with the measured results obtained for grain stored in a steel silo without aeration. 相似文献
38.
39.
水下物体运动引起扰动,会在海面产生尾迹。这种尾迹特征同运动物体的参数和下潜的深度以及海况有关。研究这种尾迹特征及其合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像,就有可能利用SAR来检测这个水下运动物体。本文给出了一种水下运动物体的伴流尾迹的快速模拟方法及其合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像仿真方法,并对模拟仿真的结果进行了讨论。 相似文献
40.
Evaluation of a two-temperature control structure for a two-reactant/two-product type of reactive distillation column 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Devrim B. Kaymak 《Chemical engineering science》2006,61(13):4432-4450
Several different control structures have been proposed for reactive distillation columns. The appropriate control structure depends on the flowsheet and on the type of reactions occurring in the column. If two reactants are involved and if it is desirable to operate the process without any excess of reactant, it is necessary to manage the fresh feed streams so that the stoichiometry is exactly balanced. A composition analyzer that measures an internal composition in the column is often required. However, if two products are produced, it is possible to avoid the use of an analyzer by using two temperatures in the column to adjust the two feed streams. This type of structure was proposed by Roat et al. [Roat, S., Downs. J., Vogel, E., Doss, J., 1986. Integration of rigorous dynamic modeling and control system synthesis for distillation columns. In: Chemical Process Control—CPC III. Elsevier, Amsterdam.] for the ideal reaction A+B↔C+D in one of the earliest papers dealing with reactive distillation control.The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of this two-temperature control structure for various column designs (number of reactive stages) to quantify the impact of design on controllability. We also discuss the issues of the selection of the trays whose temperatures are to be controlled and the tuning of the two interacting temperature controllers. Disturbances in production rate and fresh feed compositions are made to examine the rangeability of this control structure. Both an ideal reaction system and the methyl acetate system are studied. One of the main conclusions is that the locations of the temperature control trays should be made such that the two temperature controllers both have direct action (an increase in temperature increases feed), which requires negative openloop process gains for both loops. 相似文献