Electronic Sensing of Aromatic Volatiles for Quality Sorting of Blueberries

An electronic sniffer using semi-conductor gas sensors that nondestructively measured aromatic volatile gas emissions from fruit was developed to assess blueberry quality. The sniffer detected soft and damaged fruit in packaged containers at a 5% level of damage and distinguished four of five fruit ripeness classes: (1) mature-green and green-pink; (2) blue-pink; (3) blue; and (4) ripe fruit. Sniffer response increased as fruit ripened, as did total concentration of aromatic volatiles. Sniffer response correlated with berry firmness, pH, titratable acidity, and color, and detected differences among 10 cultivars, as did impact response analysis. The electronic sniffer is rapid, nondestructive and may be used to sort and quality check for presence of unripe or damaged fruit in closed packs of fresh berries.     

NUMERICAL MODEL FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF TRAFFIC FLOW

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3#大布袋收尘器更新改造方案的探讨

通过对3^#大布袋收尘器更新改造方案的对比分析，探讨适合工艺条件的最佳收尘器的选择途径。     

Development of a Magnetic Suspension Densimeter and Measurement of the Density of Toluene

The development of a magnetic suspension densimeter that has been built for measurement of the density of compressed liquid at pressures up to 30 MPa in the temperature range 20 to 150°C is described. The densimeter was first built by the author and his coworkers at NIST. We describe here further improvements made on a second system built at NMIJ based on the same principle. The densimeter uses a small coil suspended from an electronic balance. Within the coil is placed a sample cell in which the pressurized sample and a buoy, which is a permanent magnet, are enclosed. For measurement of density, balance readings are recorded (1) with the buoy at rest and (2) with the buoy in magnetic suspension. The measurement procedure is basically a hydrostatic weighing, which is simpler than those of conventional magnetic densimetry. As an example, measurements of toluene density performed as part of an inter-laboratory comparison are presented. The data agreed with reliable literature values to within a few hundredths of a per cent.     

胜利油区厚层底水断块油藏水平井经济技术政策界限

厚层底水断块油藏高含水期水平井开发效果既受剩余油富集区大小、油层厚度、水平井水平段长度、水平井在平面上和纵向上位置以及生产压差的影响，更受油价的制约。因此，通过胜利油区实际资料统计分析、数值模拟和解析法以及经济评价综合研究，提出了在当前油价和技术条件下，这类油藏水平井地质设计和生产控制的经济技术政策界限，即水平井平面位置应避开老井水锥半径20m以上；水平段垂向位置应为距油水界面0．7倍的油层厚度；水平段长度一般为200～250m；油层厚度应大于或等于8m；初期生产压差一般控制为0．6～1．OMPa；对于埋藏深度为1500m的油藏，油价从35美元／bb1升到40美元美元／bb1时，单井经济极限采油量从7101t降到6105t。     

Satellite SAR Remote Sensing of Great Lakes Ice Cover,Part 2. Ice Classification and Mapping

During the 1997 winter season, shipborne polarimetric backscatter measurements of Great Lakes (freshwater) ice types using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory C-band scatterometer, together with surface-based ice physical characterization measurements and environmental parameters, were acquired concurrently with Earth Resource Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and RADARSAT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. This polarimetric data set, composed of over 20 variations of different ice types measured at incident angles from 0° to 60° for all polarizations, was processed to radar cross-section to establish a library of signatures (look-up table) for different ice types. The library is used in the computer classification of calibrated satellite SAR data. Computer analysis of ERS-2 and RADARSAT ScanSAR images of Great Lakes ice cover using a supervised classification technique indicates that different ice types in the ice cover can be identified and mapped, and that wind speed and direction can have an influence on the classification of water as ice based on single frequency, single polarization data. Once satellite SAR data are classified into ice types, the ice map provides important and necessary input for environmental protection and management, ice control and ice breaking operations, and ice forecasting and modeling efforts.     

Reconfiguration Aspects and a Reconfigurable Outer Block Interleaver for 3G Applications

Reconfiguration concept represents reconfigurable functionalities of the radio interface for mobile radio systems. Particularly for the physical layer, some possible reconfigurable architectures can be identified. We focus on outer interleaving for turbo codes, which can improve their performance in flat Rayleigh fading environment. The larger the number of columns in the outer interleaver, the better is the performance, but with the penalty of more complexity and delay. Furthermore, an incorrect choice of the number of columns can increase the bit and frame error rates. Therefore, it would be advantageous to reconfigure the outer interleaver in different operating environments with the optimum number of columns. Using two different data frame lengths, in this contribution simulation results are presented for the four possible outer block interleaver configurations specified for the 3GPP mobile standard in the case of flat Rayleigh fading channel. It is shown that different operating environments require an optimum number of columns in terms of bit error rate and frame error rate performance. Finally, frame fade duration is considered and the effect of the product of the Doppler frequency with the frame duration on the performance for the four different 3GPP outer block interleaver configurations is discussed. Costas Chaikalis was born in Athens, Greece, on March 7, 1973. He received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering in 1995 from Technological Educational Institute of Lamia, Greece. He also received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK in 1999 and 2003, respectively. During his doctoral studies he worked as a Research Assistant for Mobile Virtual Center of Excellence (Mobile VCE), Terminals Group, UK. Since 2003, he is a lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Lamia, Greece. His research interests are in all areas of mobile communications but especially in forward error correction coding, reconfigurable (software radio) architectures, cross layer architectures and DSP applications.     

阳极炭块压降测试的方法与分析

本文通过阐述新的阳极炭块测试方法，提出了降低阳极炭块Fe-C压降的思路，并分析了降低阳极炭块压降对我公司经济效益的影响，可供同行参考。     

Space-time block codes which can be identified as rings

In this paper, we give a general criterion to determine when a complex space-time block code has a ring structure and then we provide a complete list of complex space-time block codes which have ring structures up to size 4.     

稳定同位素井间示踪技术在深层块状稠油油藏水驱特征研究的应用

经对冷43块深层块状普通稠油水驱注水5个试验井组开展的稳定同位素示踪测试，利用中子活化技术分析样品，采用先进的示踪剂定量分析与流动模拟相互结合的方法，以示踪数值模拟为手段，评价了油井连通、油层平面及纵向上的非均质性、隔层的封隔性等因素对水驱控制程度及动用状况的影响，通过优化注水推进方向及速度，强化动态调整措施，提高了稳产基础。