校园文化与大学发展

校园文化看不见、摸不着，却支撑着大学的脊梁，它潜移默化影响和造就一所大学的文化品格。它不仅对大学发展起着重要作用，也是大学发展的重要内容，是大学建设的题中应有之义。为此，需要建设民主和谐，具有学术自由、人文精神和创新精神的校园文化，并将它提高到学校战略发展的高度来看，以校园文化整合学校发展战略。     

文化的冲突与融合对德育的影响机制

从人类文化发展的历史来看,文化的冲突与融合是一种规律。没有文化的冲突与融合,就没有文化的发展与创新。在世界全球化的进程中,各种文化间的冲突与融合已经成为不可避免的普遍现象。文化的核心是价值观。不同的文化有不同的价值观,文化的差异必然引起人们价值观的变化。在文化的冲突与融合过程中,冲突是必然的,但融合是主流。正是通过文化的交流和传播、文化适应和外来文化本土化以及文化转型等文化融合的主要方式,从而来对人们的道德观念、价值取向等产生深刻的影响。     

海底管道系统失效故障树的建立及定性分析

受自然环境、管道腐蚀、第三方破坏及管理不善等因素的影响,海底管道系统在铺设及运行过程中常常会失效。文中以海底管道穿孔、凝管、断裂和设备故障等主要失效形式为顶事件建立了海底管道系统失效故障树,通过系统的定性分析得到了海底管道系统失效故障树的37个一阶最小割集,进而确定了影响海底管道系统失效的4项主要因素,并针对这些主要因素提出了相应的解决问题的措施。     

S135钻杆钢在钻井液中的氧腐蚀行为

基于系统的理论分析和现场腐蚀产物的XRD分析,揭示了S135钻杆钢在3%NaCl溶液中的氧腐蚀机理。为研究腐蚀因素与腐蚀速率的关系,通过室内高压釜动态模拟实验,分别研究了钻井液中含氧量、钻井液温度、钻井液流速和钻井液盐浓度对S135钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率影响规律。实验研究结果表明(1)3%NaCl盐水钻井液对S135钻杆钢的腐蚀主要是氧去极化作用所致;(2)钻井液含氧量和钻井液流速的增加会加快钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率,而钻井液温度和含盐量对钻杆钢的氧腐蚀速率具有双重作用。     

单层多跨刚架在移动荷载作用下的影响量计算方法

讨论了桥梁、工业厂房和大型公共建筑中较多采用的单层多跨刚架在移动荷载作用下影响量的计算方法。以工程中计算连续梁的一次力矩分配法的概念和思路为基础,建立了结构中杆端真实抗转刚度和结点转角传递的概念及其相应计算公式,提出了一种单层多跨刚架超静定结构影响量的精确计算方法。算例表明,该方法较之传统的计算方法简捷,且既便于手算,也利于编制通用程序用于电算。     

Is evidence-based practice diverse enough? Philosophy of science considerations.

In its policy rationale for evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP), the APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice (see record 2006-05893-001) claims to have constituted itself with "scientists and practitioners from a wide range of perspectives and traditions, reflecting the diverse perspectives within the field" (p. 273). We applaud this attention to diversity but contend that an entire perspective of the debate was omitted in the Task Force's newly approved policy and its underlying report. The failure to consider a philosophy of science perspective led the Task Force to make a number of epistemological assumptions that are not based on evidence or rationale and that thus violate the very spirit of evidence-based decision making. In this comment, we reveal a few of these assumptions and discuss their detrimental consequences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Exploring the landscape of modern academic psychology: Finding and filling the holes.

Like any other domain of human activity, psychology has its fads and fashions. One consequence of fads is an overconcentration of resources on specific problems or approaches, which leaves other important problems or approaches (holes) underappreciated and understudied. This article is primarily about different factors (such as negativity bias, polarization of positions, focus on internal causes of behavior, dedication to a narrow view of what science is) that result in holes and about explorations of some of these holes that have interested the author. Psychologists should look more in the holes left behind by current enthusiasms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Polymerization of ionic monomers in polar solvents: kinetics and mechanism of the free radical copolymerization of acrylamide/acrylic acid

A precise data set describing the kinetics of the free radical copolymerization of acrylamide/acrylic acid (AM/AA) in the range of low total monomer concentration as a function of the pH, total monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and comonomer ratio is presented. Strong impact on the reactivity ratios has been identified for the pH and total monomer concentration. Specifically, at constant total monomer concentration of 0.4 mol/l and T=313 K the reactivity ratio of AM increases from 0.54 at pH 1.8 to 3.04 at pH 12. Contrarily, the reactivity ratio of AA decreases from 1.48 to 0.32. The crossover occurs at pH≈4.2. Electrostatic effects due to the variation of the degree of ionization of AA are primarily suggested to influence the kinetics. When the total monomer concentration increases from 0.2 to 0.6 mol/l at constant pH=12, the reactivity ratios of AM and AA decrease from 4.01 to 2.13 and increase from 0.25 to 0.47, respectively. Reduction of electrostatic repulsion between the ionized monomer AA and partially charged growing polymer chain ends due to higher ionic strength at higher total monomer concentration serves as explanation of the effect. The precise data set is the prerequisite for a novel approach to calculate copolymer compositions in case of variable monomer reactivity.     

钻杆接头螺纹退刀尺寸对接头寿命的影响

钻杆接头螺纹退刀尺寸是指外螺纹接头的台肩面到螺纹消失前第一个完整螺纹之间的距离。GB9253．1－88规定退刀尺寸应小于或等于12．7mm内螺纹，钻杆接头内螺纹的锤孔尺寸为16±2mm，以保证内、外螺纹啮合良好。经检测发现，从日本NKK公司进口的所有φ127mm钻杆接头外螺纹退刀尺寸都大于12．7mm，镗孔尺寸为16～18mm。而APISpec7K规定钻杆接头内螺纹最小镗孔尺寸为15．9mm。鉴于此，建议对我国的有关标准作相应修改，与API标准保持一致。