基于MATLAB的化工课程设计软件开发

在MATLAB平台上开发化工原理课程设计软件。本文以冷却塔设计为例介绍了该软件的主要内容结构和功能 ,它具有操作简单、使用方便、效率高、数值稳定性好等特点 ,使计算结果可视化     

我国污水处理回用发展历程及特点

通过对我国城市污水处理回用发展历程的回顾,从回用量、回用对象、回用工艺、回用水价几个方面进行比较分析,揭示出我国城市污水处理回用的主要特点,根据我国在城市污水处理回用工作中存在体制、制度、工艺、水价等方面的问题,提高全国城市污水处理回用率,从体制建设、法规体系、工艺选取、监督管理等几个方面提出今后工作建议,为水利部提出的"三条红线"管理做好技术支撑。     

历史维度下的河西走廊水利问题研究

社会建设和生态文明建设中,历史维度是不可或缺的一环,流域管理亦然。通过对河西走廊近代水资源开发利用历史的回顾,分析了甘肃省河西走廊地区石羊河、疏勒河及讨赖河流域的水资源开发利用、社会经济发展和流域管理的演变,重点探讨了河西走廊地区历史上形成的"以时分水"的时间水权制度的运行情况、人类活动影响下流域水循环特征变化导致时间水权制度失效的机理,以及讨赖河流域传统分水模式与现代水利制度衔接的现实需求与可能方式。研究认为,在历史维度下进行流域管理问题研究,对于深入认识河西走廊水环境演化规律、深刻理解水资源开发利用管理问题的现实内涵、科学制定传统水资源管理与现实发展要求衔接的可行方案具有重要意义。     

Seismic response of concrete gravity dam reinforced with FRP sheets on dam surface

This paper aims at exploring the effects of anti-seismic reinforcement with the fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） material bonded to the dam surface in dam engineering. Time-history analysis was performed to simulate the seismic failure process of a gravity dam that was assumed to be reinforced at the locations of slope discontinuity at the downstream surface, part of the upstream face, and the dam heel. A damage model considering the influence of concrete heterogeneity was used to model the nonlinearity of concrete. A bond-slip model was applied to the interface between FRP and concrete, and the reinforcement mechanism was analyzed through the bond stress and the stress in FRP. The results of the crack pattern, displacement, and acceleration of the reinforced dam were compared with those of the original one. It is shown that FRP, as a reinforcement material, postpones the occurrence of cracks and slows the crack propagation, and that cracks emanating from the upstream surface and downstream surface are not connected, meaning that the reinforced dam can retain water-impounding function when subjected to the earthquake. Anti-seismic reinforcement with FRP is therefore beneficial to improving the seismic resistant capability of concrete dams.     

新型空间平台发展模式探析

近年来,美国等航天国家研究提出了多种多样的新型空间平台,并开展了系列飞行试验。主要简述了美国XSS（experiment satellite series）计划、轨道快车、轨道转移飞行器、快速响应空间航天器、X-37B和F6系统等新型空间平台的情况,总结了其发展特点,提出了新型空间平台的发展模式。     

Accident history,risk perception and traffic safe behaviour

Abstract

This study clarifies the associations between accident history, perception of the riskiness of road travel and traffic safety behaviours by taking into account the number and severity of accidents experienced. A sample of 525 road users in Cameroon answered a questionnaire comprising items on perception of risk, safe behaviour and personal accident history. Participants who reported involvement in more than three accidents or involvement in a severe accident perceived road travel as less risky and also reported behaving less safely compared with those involved in fewer, or less severe accidents. The results have practical implications for the prevention of traffic accidents.

Practitioner Summary: The associations between accident history, perceived risk of road travel and safe behaviour were investigated using self-report questionnaire data. Participants involved in more than three accidents, or in severe accidents, perceived road travel as less risky and also reported more unsafe behaviour compared with those involved in fewer, or less severe accidents. Campaigns targeting people with a less serious, less extensive accident history should aim to increase awareness of hazards and the potential severity of their consequences, as well as emphasising how easy it is to take the recommended preventive actions. Campaigns targeting those involved in more frequent accidents, and survivors of serious accidents, should address feelings of invulnerability and helplessness.     

不规则结构隔震设计与研究

目的对比L型不规则隔震结构不同布置方案,确定最优方案并对最优方案进行结构减震分析．方法从建筑功能和减震效果两个方面评价3种不同方案,对最优方案进行抗风计算和地震作用下的非线性时程分析．结果不同方案会引起建筑功能和减震效果的不同,需要综合评价;L型隔震结构可以通过隔震层支座有效布置,使得结构质心和刚心尽量重合,减小了结构的扭转效应;最优方案在地震作用下的非线性时程分析结果显示结构减震效果良好,各项指标均满足规范要求．结论L型隔震结构可选用将隔震层以上结构完全连接的布置方案,既保持了良好的建筑功能,又获得了良好的减震效果,亦可以采用两个结构完全分开的布置方案．     

既有砖砌体结构容许变形值及抗震性能评估

目的 为了更好地评价我国带圈梁构造柱砖砌体结构的抗震性能.方法 参照国内外抗震设计标准,在总结54个砖砌体墙片抗震试验研究的基础上,给出了三种性能水平所对应的层间位移角范围,提出抗震性能评价指标和评价方法,并对一栋五层砖砌体建筑的抗震性能进行评估.结果 在罕遇地震(大震)作用下,结构的最大层间位移发生在横向墙体的第三层,其值为1/387,表明结构在大震作用下结构不会发生变形过大而出现倒塌的现象,但是其层间位移角已经相当接近1/350的限值,破坏已经十分严重.结论 笔者提出的允许变形值和抗震性能评估方法是可行有效的.     

基于MIDAS设置阻尼器的刚框架地震时程分析

为了验证粘弹性阻尼器对结构消能减震作用的效果,通过运用有限元分析软件MIDAS/GEN建立典型六层钢框架模型,对设置粘弹性阻尼器和未设置粘弹性阻尼器的两种结构分别进行地震作用下非线性时程对比分析.分析的结果从各种方面显示了粘弹性阻尼器对结构效能减震的优越性.