聚合物驱剖面返转规律及驱油效果实验研究

聚合物驱油过程中的注入剖面变化是在注聚初期,其吸水剖面与水驱基本相同,聚合物溶液还是主要进入高渗透层,随着高渗透层渗流阻力的增加,聚合物溶液开始进入低渗透层,注入剖面得到改善。随着低渗透层聚合物溶液的不断进入,其渗流阻力增加,导致其吸水逐渐下降,吸水剖面出现返转。本文通过大量的物理模拟实验和理论分析,研究了聚合物驱油过程中的吸水剖面返转规律,说明了剖面返转是一种聚合物驱油过程中的必然规律,渗透率级差、聚合物分子量和浓度都是影响剖面返转规律的重要因素,研究了渗透率级差、聚合物分子量和浓度对提高采收率的影响规律。     

Spinose carbon nanotubes grown on graphitized DLC film by low frequency r.f. plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Spinose carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) are grown on silicon substrates covered with diamond-like carbon film and iron catalyst film (Fe/DLC/Si structure) by low frequency r.f. plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LFRF-PECVD). During the pre-treatment of the Fe/DLC/Si substrate, there are three processes happened, namely, iron film spalled to small islands, the DLC film graphitized, and the iron island reacted partially with the graphitized DLC (GDLC), which can be deduced from the Raman spectroscopy and SEM pictures. SCNTs film grew from C₂H₂---H₂ mixture under low plasma density. The good contact of carbon nanotube with GDLC film was acquired by the accumulation of the graphite sheets and the reaction between the iron particles and GDLC film. The homogeneous spines with the length of approximately 15 nm and the thickness of <5 nm burgeoned from the defects at the wall of carbon nanotube and distributed uniformly, which were in fact thin bent or rolled-up graphite sheets.     

Surface modification of henequen (Agave fourcroydes) fibers by ultraviolet curing with 2‐hydroxyethylacrylate and ethylacrylate: Effect of additives on degradable properties

Henequen fibers were grafted with a double impregnating monomer 2‐hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA) and ethylacrylate (EA) to improve the physicomechanical properties. The fibers soaked in different concentration (1–10%) of monomer + MeOH solution along with photoinitiator Irgacure 907 [2%] were cured under ultraviolet (UV) lamp at different UV radiation intensities (2–14 passes). Concentration of monomer at different radiation intensities was optimized with extent of mechanical properties such as polymer loading, tensile strength, and elongation at break. Enhanced tensile strength (268%) and elongation at break (110%) were achieved by the polymer treated fibers than untreated virgin fibers. We observed that, henequen fibers treated by 3% EA showed better physico‐mechanical properties than those treated by 5% HEA. The tensile properties of henequen fibers treated by 3% EA can be enhanced by adding aloxysilane; 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate additives with bulk monomer EA (3%). The degradability of the treated and untreated fibers due to accelerated weathering were also studied and it has been found that surface modified henequen fibers produced more resistivity towards different weathering conditions than untreated fibers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4000–4006, 2006     

Effects of real‐time visual feedback on pre‐service teachers' singing

This pilot study focuses on the use real‐time visual feedback technology (VFT) in vocal training. The empirical research has two aims: to ascertain the effectiveness of the real‐time visual feedback software ‘Sing & See’ in the vocal training of pre‐service music teachers and the teachers' perspective on their experience with VFT. Forty participants from an undergraduate music teacher education programme were randomly assigned to three groups. The first two groups were assigned the teacher and student versions of Sing & See, respectively, and the third group served as a control group without access to the software. The experimental groups were given 12 weeks to use the software for vocal training on a self‐regulated basis. The technique of complex selections (TCS) was designed to assess the pitch accuracy and richness of vocal timbre. Pre‐ and post‐test singing tasks showed that the participants from the experimental groups significantly improved their vocal timbre. A questionnaire survey conducted after the training period found that most of the participants in the experimental s were positive about the effectiveness of VFT software in vocal training. As future leaders in the implementation of music education technology, pre‐service music teachers expressed a positive attitude towards the use of VFT as a technology‐enhanced learning (TEL) component in music education.     

甲烷浓度对金刚石薄膜(100)织构生长的影响

以H2和CH4的混合气体为气源,用微波等离子体辅助化学气相沉积法(MPECVD)在1 cm×1 cm S i(100)基体上沉积了金刚石薄膜。研究了不同的甲烷浓度对金刚石薄膜(100)织构生长趋势的影响。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),Ram an光谱对金刚石膜的表面形貌、质量进行了分析。结果表明,当基体温度为750℃,气压为4.8×103Pa,甲烷浓度为1.4%时,薄膜表面为(100)织构。     

Zn-Ni合金共沉积影响机理的拉曼光谱研究

首次利用现场表面增强拉曼光谱研究了Zn-Ni合金共沉积的机理。通过研究Ni电极在NiCl2溶液与纯水中的拉曼光谱、Ni电极与Au电极在KCl溶液中的拉曼光谱以及这2种电极在NiCl2溶液中现场电沉积的拉曼光谱,并根据前人提出的理论,得出如下结论:Zn-Ni合金共沉积中存在着较易在电极表面放电的NiClad,使Ni沉积的过电位降低,促进了Ni的沉积,导致Zn的异常共沉积。     

Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点及在采油中的应用

文章简要地介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点；从表面活性剂的作用原理出发，介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的优良性能：如表面张力、泡沫力、润湿力、优异的协同效应、耐温抗盐性等；在此基础上，阐述了该类表面活性剂在油田三次采油上的应用前景。     

短程硝化-强化生物除磷序批式反应器处理畜禽养殖废水

畜禽养殖废水有机物水质水量变化大,有机物、氨氮与磷的浓度较高,直接排放会严重危害环境。通过构建厌氧-好氧序批式反应器（SBR）处理预酸化畜禽养殖废水,分析了不同进水负荷条件下反应器对污染物的去除性能和微生物群落结构的变化规律。结果表明：SBR反应器对高负荷进水中TN、PO^3-₄—P和COD的平均去除率可分别达到64.5%、97.5%和94.5%。反应器出现NH⁺₄—N和NO₂—N亚硝酸同时积累的短程硝化现象,这可能与高进水负荷对氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌的活性和种群的影响有关。与乙酸盐相比,以丙酸盐作碳源时污泥的强化生物除磷活性更高。随着进水负荷的增大,聚糖菌（GAOs）的相对丰度明显升高。四联球状菌（Tetrasphaera）为反应器中始终占优势的聚磷菌（PAOs）,对反应器除磷性能有重要贡献。在高有机负荷条件下,SBR内PAOs与GAOs之间不存在明显的底物竞争关系,系统脱氮除磷性能未受影响。     

复合碱、盐多元驱各组分对油水界面张力和稠油黏度的影响

无机盐,混合碱NaOH、Na2CO3,阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES),聚合物聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),经过混合组成多元驱。通过实验探讨了该多元驱中各个组分的用量对油水界面张力和稠油黏度的影响,优化了该多元驱中各个组分的含量。实验得出,无机盐的加入可以显著地降低界面张力和稠油黏度。当多元驱中无机盐、混合碱和表面活性剂的质量分数分别为51.87%,40.17%,6.99%,聚合物质量浓度为800 mg/L,配成质量分数为1%的水溶液,加热到50℃,油水质量比7∶3混合后,可使新疆克拉玛依地区红浅稠油黏度从23690 mPa.s降到84.83 mPa.s,降黏率达到99.64%,体系界面张力达到0.07499mN/m。室内评价表明,该多元驱可使新疆克拉玛依地区9#红浅稠油降黏率达到92%。多元驱中无机盐的质量分数超过50%,大大降低了成本。     

阳离子双子表面活性剂的应用研究进展

介绍了阳离子双子表面活性剂近年来在新材料制备、抗腐蚀、杀菌、三次采油、织物染整、生物技术及造纸工业等方面的应用。