上海青在真空预冷过程中的冻伤研究

以研究导致绿叶蔬菜——上海青在真空预冷过程中冻伤的内外因素及其作用机理为目的,将3组上海青分别在600、700和800Pa的终压下做真空预冷处理,并用热电偶测量同一片叶子的大叶脉附近、小叶脉附近和叶边3处的温度随时间变化值;再分别将3种终压下叶子冻伤部位剥皮、制作载玻片,在显微镜下观察其细胞间隙大小。结果表明:在以600、700和800 Pa为终压的真空预冷过程中,上海青叶子表面温度均呈现出从中心到边缘逐渐降低的趋势,且叶边温度都达到了-2~5℃,导致叶边细胞冻伤,冻伤后的叶边叶肉细胞间隙平均当量半径分别为23.5、19.2和17.3μm。在真空预冷中,上海青的冻伤现象主要发生在叶边,冻伤的主要原因是细胞间隙中生成的胞外冰对细胞造成了机械损伤;冻伤程度大小随终压的降低而加强;对上海青做真空预冷处理时,将终压设置在800 Pa以上较好。     

基于SIMCA模型的纸浆种类近红外光谱鉴别

研究了近红外光谱分析与SIMCA模式识别技术相结合鉴别纸浆种类的方法。收集了桉木浆、麦草浆(漂白与未漂白)、棉浆、湿地松浆等4种纸浆共90个样品,抄成不同定量纸样并采集其近红外光谱,其中部分桉木浆添加化学助剂。选择60个样品作为训练集建立SIMCA类模型,剩余30个样品用于模型检验。研究结果表明,建立的模型能完全正确识别各类纸浆,且不受抄纸定量和添加化学助剂因素的影响,为快速无损鉴别纸浆种类提供了一种准确可靠的方法。     

鲈鱼在4℃冷藏过程中的肌肉品质变化

目的：探究4℃冷藏过程中鲈鱼肌肉品质的变化。方法：测定4℃冷藏过程中鲈鱼肌肉pH值、菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N）含量、K值和质构等指标,综合评价鲈鱼生理生化品质的变化,采用Masson染色和免疫组化分析评价组织形态学变化,利用酶解荧光肽底物测定特异性酶解胶原蛋白的基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs）活力变化。结果：鲈鱼在贮藏期间pH值呈先下降后升高趋势,菌落总数、TVB-N含量和K值随贮藏时间的延长而增加,并在第8天超过临界值。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果显示,贮藏至6 d鲈鱼肌肉蛋白组成没有明显变化,而在第8天肌球蛋白重链降解明显。Masson染色和I型胶原免疫组化分析结果显示,随贮藏时间的延长,肌内膜逐渐被降解,至第12天,肌膜I型胶原蛋白和肌纤维之间出现明显间隙。MMPs活力随贮藏时间的延长而明显增加,而鱼肉硬度不断下降。结论：鱼类冷藏期间肌肉的软化与胶原蛋白分解密切相关,而MMPs对I型胶原蛋白的降解可能是鱼死后肌肉软化的主要原因。     

冷冻浓缩过程中制冷面的冰淤塞的检测与表征（11）

根据冰淤塞的机理和对本文第一部分（I）所述的冰晶在过冷金属表面上的冰淤塞的启动时间和诱导时间的实验数据的分析,建立了关联冰淤塞诱导时间与制冷面壁温和晶种用等因素的关系的数学模型。文中还对影响冰淤塞的各因素做了研究分析。     

“十二五”塑料机械产品结构调整与绿色技术应用的分析研究(Ⅰ)

绿色技术应用和开拓是"十二五"塑料机械产品结构调整的核心。绿色技术主要体现在提高能源和其他资源的利用效率、降低成型加工成本、减少对环境的污染、提高清洁度等方面。国内塑料机械中、低端化的现状不容乐观,一旦塑料机械市场萎缩,首先是中、低端市场萎缩,国内制造商受到的打击最大;高端塑料机械迎合了相关产业科技进步的需要,拥有广阔的发展空间。高端塑料机械实质是充分体现出绿色技术的设备。重点分析研究了注塑设备、拉吹成型设备、挤出设备、中空设备等4类主要塑料机械的产品结构调整和绿色技术应用需要解决的几个问题。转变陈旧发展理念,着力创新技术研发思路,用科学的发展理念加快自主创新塑料机械设备,开发高端塑料机械,掌握绿色核心技术,是改变中、低端化的现状、力做中国创造的绿色技术的唯一出路。     

酶解法制备低蛋白含量海参多糖条件的研究

以国产大宗低值海参——海地瓜为原料,以酶解结合超滤技术制备海参多糖.通过单因素试验及响应面试验研究酶解过程各因素对海参多糖蛋白含量的影响,并对酶解条件进行优化.试验结果表明:成功建立了预测海参多糖中蛋白含量的数学模型;复合蛋白酶酶解的最优条件是:pH 7.0、温度51℃、底物质量分数4.82％、酶与底物的质量比4.08％、时间12h.经优化,制备了低蛋白含量海参多糖,多糖蛋白含量由19.91％降至2.41％.     

Icy affairs: Understanding recent advancements in the freezing and frozen storage of fish

Freezing methods have evolved over the last 30 years. This review states the effect of various freezing methods on the quality of fish and seafood. Freezing temperatures, freezing, and frozen storage temperatures were also analyzed and reviewed. The changes in the ice crystal, protein, and lipid affect the fish quality and nutritional value during freezing and frozen storage. Freezing methods when combined with various additives or preprocessing approaches help improve the efficacy of freezing and frozen storage. Several experimental or emerging methods also have positive effects on the products' quality. According to the metadata reanalysis of quality markers, freshly frozen fish using different freezing methods may vary much in terms of ice diameter, but not others. High pressure freezing or immersion freezing-derived fish retains the best quality through frozen storage. More data are required on freezing methods (electrical-assisted freezing, microwave-assisted freezing, magnetic-assisted freezing, radiofrequency-assisted freezing, and the commercial's application and investment should be considered in the future. This review sheds light on finding a balanced initial shear force during freezing and the use of certain additives to control freezing-related damages. Focusing on ice diameter alone may be futile (e.g., liquid N₂ freezing). Future optimization of technologies should be in a way that several processes along the farm to fork such as freezing, frozen storage, thawing, thermal processing of fish, and even refabrication of food should mutually complement each other's needs to deliver safe and high-quality fish to the consumer's plate, even after a prolonged shelf-life.     

Bio-economic modelling for marine spatial planning application in North Sea shrimp and flatfish fisheries

Marine activities have been increasingly competing for space and reducing areas for fishing. The use of spatially explicit tools can assist the decision making process on defining the optimal location of closures for fishing due to these emerging activities.This paper presents the Spatial Integrated bio-economic Model for FISHeries (SIMFISH). In this model fishers behaviour is simulated based on optimal effort allocation. The added value of this model compared to other existing spatial management tools lies in the presence of (i) short and long term fishers behaviour (ii) spatial explicit stock and fleet dynamics and (iii) relatively low data requirements.As an illustration, SIMFISH is applied in this paper to estimate the impact of area closures in the North Sea. Overall area closures have a negative impact on the profitability of the fleets. This would be worsened with higher fuel prices and decreased stock productivity.     

船体结构冰载荷反演方法及试验验证

冰载荷是影响船舶冰区航行期间结构安全的重要环境载荷。船舶的冰压监测通常采用应变传感器，合理地布放传感器是识别冰载荷的基础。通过对比船体外板结构试验中的冲击载荷和不同测试方案下的应变信号，确定了最佳应变传感器布放方案；采用Green核函数方法建立了船体外板结构应变冲击载荷间的响应关系，并对采集信号在噪声影响下反演的不适定性进行了分析；采用Tikhonov正则化方法克服了载荷反演过程中出现的数值不稳定问题；最后将试验中的响应用到载荷识别分析中，反演的载荷可以较为准确地反映冲击载荷的时域特征并且载荷识别精度良好。