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21.
通过对西安绿色康居小区规划设计的实例分析,阐明了小康型住宅区的标准和要求,在旧城住宅区改造中的落实和运用,试图探索下一世纪旧城住宅区的改造之路. 相似文献
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Reviews the book, Computation and Cognition: Toward A Foundation for Cognitive Science by Z. W. Pylyshyn (see record 1986-97211-000). The history of science provides many demonstrations of our intellectual debt to our tools: from Descartes forward, psychological theory has depended on metaphors based on the technology of the day. Computers are the currently exciting technology, and, from that fact alone, one might expect a book with the title Computation and Cognition to invite us to reshape psychological theory in image of the digital computer. That message is not what Pylyshyn has to sell. Instead, he examines computation at a theoretical level and shows that it involves three distinct levels of analysis: a physical, a symbolic, and a semantic level. He argues that to understand mental processes, one needs exactly the same three-level analysis, that is, cognition is computational. In spite of the book's faults, my opinion remains firmly positive: Computation and Cognition is an instant classic. It is a book which deserves to have a major influence on the shape of future work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
24.
Marcela Brugnach Andrew Tagg Florian Keil Wim J. de Lange 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(7):1075-1090
The use of computer models offers a general and flexible framework that can help to deal with some of the complexities and
difficulties associated with the development of water management plans as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive. However,
despite the advantages modelling presents, the integration of information derived from models into policy is far away from
being trivial or the norm. Part of the difficulties of this integration is rooted in the lack of confidence policy makers
have on the incorporation of modelling information into policy formulation. In this paper we examine the reasons for this
apparent lack of confidence and explore how some tools, presently in use, address this problem. We conclude that public confidence
in models is highly dependent on the way uncertainties are addressed and suggest possible directions of action to improve
the current situation. Four real case studies illustrate how computer models have been used in The Netherlands for carrying
out management plans at regional and national scale. We suggest that the solution to integrate modelling information into
policy formulation lies on both the modelling and the policy-making communities. 相似文献
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Reviews the book, From models to modules: Studies in cognitive science from the McGill workshops edited by I. Gopnik and M. Gopnik (1986). This book is only moderately successful in conveying the exciting advances that are beginning to appear as a result of the interdisciplinary efforts in cognitive science. The book's emphasis on language processes and linguistics will seriously limit its potential readership, although there are some contributions from outside that domain. Moreover, many of the chapters were not prepared with a general audience in mind, and to appreciate a number of the chapters fully the reader must have a strong linguistic background. A more severe problem is that the chapters are based on a series of workshops held at McGill University in 1982 and 1983. The sad consequences are that (a) the book is badly out of date (few references are more recent than 1983), (b) most of the contributions were not original but were based on ideas and results that were or were about to be in print at the time the workshops were held, and (c) many of the chapters are so short that they do not provide adequate depth of coverage. At this late date, the value of the book may be as a summary of a few of the early issues and methodologies that have captured the attention of cognitive scientists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
27.
One of the most promising applications of encapsulated living cells is their use as protected transplanted tissue into the human body. A suitable system for the protection of living cells is the use of nano‐ or microcapsules of polyelectrolytes. These shells can be deposited easily on top of the cells by means of a layer‐by‐layer technique. An interesting feature of the capsules is the possibility to control their properties on a nanometre level, tuning their wall texture via the preparation conditions. Here we introduce a model system to test the protection ability of polyelectrolyte capsules. Common bakery yeast cells were encapsulated. They were coated with a fluorescently labelled shell at conditions known to guarantee cell survival, and the cell interior was stained with DAPI. The protozoan Paramecium primaurelia was incubated with this double‐stained living yeast and visualized by means of two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. Cross‐sections of the dye‐stained material as well as autofluorescence of the fixed protozoan allowed us to follow the digestion of the coated yeast with time. Our investigation reveals that capsules prepared under these deposition conditions are permeable to lysosomal enzymes, leading to degradation of the yeast inside the intact capsules. Our preliminary results indicate the suitability of the introduced model as a test system of this permeability. 相似文献
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29.
人类聚居环境学对于居住区规划设计的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以人类聚居环境学的研究方法从若干方面对目前的居住区规划设计进行了一定的探讨,分析规划设计及建设方面目前存在的主要问题,提出以人类聚居环境学为指导的居住区规划设计理念。 相似文献
30.
F Javier Álvarez‐Hornos Carmen Gabaldón Vicente Martínez‐Soria Paula Marzal Josep‐Manuel Penya‐roja 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):643-653
BACKGROUND: Two peat biofilters were used for the removal of toluene from air for one year. One biofilter was fed with pure toluene and the other received 1:1 (by weight) ethyl acetate:toluene mixture. RESULTS: The biofilters were operated under continuous loading: the toluene inlet load (IL) at which 80% removal occurred was 116 g m?3 h?1 at 57 s gas residence time. Maximum elimination capacity of 360 g m?3 h?1 was obtained at an IL of 745 g m?3 h?1. The elimination of toluene was inhibited by the presence of ethyl acetate. Intermittent loading, with pollutants supplied for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, did not significantly affect the removal efficiency (RE). Biomass was fully activated in 2 h after night closures, but 6 h were required to recover RE after weekend closures. Live cell density remained relatively constant over the operational period, while the dead cell fraction increased. Finally, a 15 day starvation period was applied and operation then re‐started. Performance was restored with similar re‐acclimatization period to that after weekend closures, and a reduction in dead cell fraction was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the capacity of the system to handle intermittent loading conditions that are common in industrial practices, including long‐term starvation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献