The Importance of Free Fatty Chain Length on the Lipid Organization in the Long Periodicity Phase

The skin’s barrier ability is an essential function for terrestrial survival, which is controlled by intercellular lipids within the stratum corneum (SC) layer. In this barrier, free fatty acids (FFAs) are an important lipid class. As seen in inflammatory skin diseases, when the lipid chain length is reduced, a reduction in the barrier’s performance is observed. In this study, we have investigated the contributing effects of various FFA chain lengths on the lamellar phase, lateral packing. The repeat distance of the lamellar phase increased with FFA chain length (C20–C28), while shorter FFAs (C16 to C18) had the opposite behaviour. While the lateral packing was affected, the orthorhombic to hexagonal to fluid phase transitions were not affected by the FFA chain length. Porcine SC lipid composition mimicking model was then used to investigate the proportional effect of shorter FFA C16, up to 50% content of the total FFA mixture. At this level, no difference in the overall lamellar phases and lateral packing was observed, while a significant increase in the water permeability was detected. Our results demonstrate a FFA C16 threshold that must be exceeded before the structure and barrier function of the long periodicity phase (LPP) is affected. These results are important to understand the lipid behaviour in this unique LPP structure as well as for the understanding, treatment, and development of inflammatory skin conditions.     

Telomere Length in Metaphase Chromosomes of Human Triploid Zygotes

The human lifespan is strongly influenced by telomere length (TL) which is defined in a zygote—when two highly specialised haploid cells form a new diploid organism. Although TL is a variable parameter, it fluctuates in a limited range. We aimed to establish the determining factors of TL in chromosomes of maternal and paternal origin in human triploid zygotes. Using Q-FISH, we examined TL in the metaphase chromosomes of 28 human triploid zygotes obtained from 22 couples. The chromosomes’ parental origin was identified immunocytochemically through weak DNA methylation and strong hydroxymethylation in the sperm-derived (paternal) chromosomes versus strong DNA methylation and weak hydroxymethylation in the oocyte-derived (maternal) ones. In 24 zygotes, one maternal and two paternal chromosome sets were identified, while the four remaining zygotes contained one paternal and two maternal sets. For each zygote, we compared mean relative TLs between parental chromosomes, identifying a significant difference in favour of the paternal chromosomes, which attests to a certain “imprinting” of these regions. Mean relative TLs in paternal or maternal chromosomes did not correlate with the respective parent’s age. Similarly, no correlation was observed between the mean relative TL and sperm quality parameters: concentration, progressive motility and normal morphology. Based on the comparison of TLs in chromosomes inherited from a single individual’s gametes with those in chromosomes inherited from different individuals’ gametes, we compared intraindividual (intercellular) and interindividual variability, obtaining significance in favour of the latter and thus validating the role of heredity in determining TL in zygotes. A comparison of the interchromatid TL differences across the chromosomes from sets of different parental origin with those from PHA-stimulated lymphocytes showed an absence of a significant difference between the maternal and paternal sets but a significant excess over the lymphocytes. Therefore, interchromatid TL differences are more pronounced in zygotes than in lymphocytes. To summarise, TL in human zygotes is determined both by heredity and parental origin; the input of other factors is possible within the individual’s reaction norm.     

电网故障处置预案文本中的命名实体识别研究

电网故障处置预案是电网故障处置的重要参考,对电网故障处置预案文本中各类电力设备、名称编号等细粒度的关键实体信息进行抽取,是实现计算机学习理解预案内容并进一步支撑故障处置智能化的重要基础。文中提出一种基于深度学习的电网故障处置预案文本命名实体识别技术,首先采用字向量表征预案文本,然后将注意力机制以及双向长短期记忆网络相结合,有所侧重地提取实体词深层字符特征,最后采用条件随机场求解最优序列化的标注。算例表明:文中所提预案文本命名实体识别模型不依赖人工特征,能够自动高效地提取文本特征,准确识别预案文本中细粒度的实体词,满足预案文本中关键实体信息精确定位和识别的要求。     

高效全自动清淤系统在酸性水库的应用

针对 pH ≤ 3 的酸性水库周边地形复杂无法进入大型机械设备、淤泥沉积深夹带有大量织物、库底覆有土工膜易破损等特点,将前置浮船可升降的水面泥浆输送系统与地面泥浆输送系统串联可实现高浓度远距离管道输送,通过全自动监测,采用智能变频控制,保证系统在泥浆浓度可变、液面高度可变的大范围区间内连续且稳定运行。系统在调试运行期间,抽送高浓度泥浆为 19220.88m3,极大提高了酸性水库的清淤效率,降低了清淤成本。     

马钢直弧型板坯连铸机的设计

介绍了马钢 2 5 0 mm× 1 40 0 mm直弧型坯连铸机设计指导思想、连铸机主要技术性能指标、工艺流程、设备组成及采取的技术措施 :无氧化浇注 ,连续弯曲矫直 ,二冷区气雾冷却及自动控制 ,在线短定尺二次切割 ,对称式双向出坯 ,防止测量基准移位和台阶式对弧样板等。     

试样长度对 13CrMo44钢管力学性能的影响

研究了试样长度对13CrMo44珠光体耐热钢管力学性能的影响，研究结果表明，随着L0升高，该钢管的伸长率下降并满足δ=16.9% 68.2%√F/L0关系，L0较短时，其对钢管的抗拉强度（σb)和屈服强度（σs)没有什么影响；L0较长时，钢管的σb和σs都稍有下降，解释了产生上述现象的原因。     

论新型氮肥——长效碳酸氢铵

介绍了碳酸氢铵产品的诞生、沿革及现状;论述了长效碳铵的改性机理、供肥能力、生产工艺、农用效果;揭示了长效碳铵对CO2的减排和固定效应;阐明了开发生产新型氮肥——长效碳酸氢铵对改善生态环境和服务农业的重要意义。     

作保灵对长残效除草剂的解毒效应

利用田间试验方法研究保护剂长残效除草剂解毒效应。不同保护剂对豆磺隆解毒效应有差异，作保灵解毒效应最明显，但在除草剂高残留量时解毒作用下降。作保灵对三种长残效除草剂都具有明显的解毒作用，作物的出苗率可恢复80％～100％。解毒效应顺序为油莱＞白菜＞甜菜。     

用直接纺丝法制芳纶短纤维

研究了直接纺丝制取芳纶短纤维的新方法。讨论了纤维长度、直径及力学性能与纺丝条件的关系。发现影响纤维长度的主要因素是空气层高度和喷丝速度,影响纤维直径的主要因素为喷口直径及喷丝速度。此外,还用PPTA短纤维制成了均匀的PPTA"浆粕"纤维。