Influence of Drying Conditions on Ascorbic Acid during Convective Drying of Whole Persimmons

Degradation kinetics of food constituents may be related to the matrix molecular mobility by glass transition temperature. Our objective was to test this approach to describe ascorbic acid degradation during drying of persimmons in an automatically controlled tray dryer with temperatures (40 to 70°C) and air velocities (0.8 to 2.0 m/s) varying according a second order central composite design. The Williams-Landel-Ferry model was satisfactorily adjusted to degradation curves for both control strategies adopted—constant air temperature and temperature fixed inside the fruit. Degradation rates were higher at higher drying temperatures, independent of the necessary time to attain the desired moisture content.     

Digital Yellow River Model

Soil erosion is one of the key concerns in land use management for the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River, where serious soil loss is the root cause of environmental and ecological degradation of the basin. In this paper, a physically-based, distributed-parameter, and continuous erosion prediction model at the river basin scale was developed with the aim of assisting in developing better land use management strategies. The framework, the major supporting techniques, and the typical erosion processes are described. The physical processes of sediment yield and transport in the Loess Plateau are divided into three sub-processes, including the runoff and sediment yield on hillslopes, gravitational erosion in gullies, and hyperconcentrated flow routing in channels. For each sub-process, a physically-based simulation model was developed and embedded into the whole model system. The model system was applied to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in several typical years in the coarse sediment source area of the Loess Plateau, and the simulated results were in reasonably good agreement with the measured values.     

基于可持续发展的流域水电梯级开发模式研究

流域水电梯级开发是我国水电能源开发的主要形式,由于梯级开发对天然河道及其生态系统都有较大的扰动,开发管理不善将影响流域的可持续发展。为此,以可持续发展理论为基础对国外典型流域水电梯级开发模式,如梯级开发主体及任务、梯级时空布局和生态适应性等加以总结,理解不同开发模式对生态环境的影响,为我国流域水电梯级开发管理提供有益的参考。     

河口海岸潮流速分布模式研究

在沿岸水域尤其是在浅海陆架和近岸区，潮流在水流运动中起着主导的作用，在潮流运动中，近底流速剖面偏离传统的对数分布。根据前人的研究，笔者曾从理论上得到了近底流速分布的对数线性模式。但该模式对近底层的数据要求较高，一般近底1m之内需要四层测量数据，而这些数据在实际应用时很难得到。因此，本文根据潮流运动的表面边界条件将该模式进行扩展研究，使其能适用于传统的六点法测量数据。该扩展模式为对数抛物模式，适用于全水深，是潮流速分布模式。通过长江口和江苏岸外西洋海域两个实例计算分析，并与传统的对数分布模式比较，结果表明该潮流速分布模式在各层数据上都与实测数据具有良好的相关性且物理量z0与u．之间具有更好的一致性和相关性，可应用于河口海岸流速分析研究。     

多专题多比例尺水系河网管理模型研究

随着水利行业GIS系统的快速发展和对性能要求的不断提高,迫切需要解决多比例尺水系河网信息统一访问、关系维护等问题。本文提出多专题多比例尺地图管理模型,通过对地图信息依据不同比例尺和专题进行目录层次和专题层次的划分,实现水系河网信息的全国分布式统一管理和共享系统。文中给出了该模型下的水系河网表示和专题中对象间关系,分析了为形成一套基于空间数据库和空间化分析方法的分布式水系河网信息共享系统所需进行的下一步工作。该模型下的全国水系河网管理系统具有较好的可扩展性,支持有效获取不同比例尺的地图,较少信息冗余和保证信息最大可能。     

Numerical Simulation of Independent Advance of Ore Breaking in the Non-pillar Sublevel Caving Method

The mechanism of stress generation and propagation by detonation loading in five separate independent advance of ore breaking patterns is discussed in the paper. An elastic numerical model was developed using AN- SYS/LS-DYNA 3D Nonlinear Dynamic Finite Element Software. In this package ANSYS is the preprocessor and LS-DYNA is the postprocessor. Numerical models in the paper to actual were l：10 and the element mesh was dissected in scanning mode utilizing the symmetry characteristics of the numerical model. Five different advance rates were studied. Parameters, such as the time required to maximum stress, the action time of the available stress, the maximum velocity of the nodes, the stress penetration time, the magnitude of the stress peak and the time duration for high stress were numerically simulated. The 2.2 m advance appeared optimum from an analysis of the simulation results. The results from numerical simulation have been validated by tests with physical models.     

压缩式封隔器胶筒变形阶段力学分析

封隔器是常用试采井下工具,胶筒是封隔器中最重要的部件。将压缩式胶筒的变形分为自由变形和约束变形2个阶段,分析了其绝对体积变化规律,得到了使胶筒刚好与井壁接触的轴向力,据此可以确定最小坐封载荷;得到了井壁和中心管对胶筒的约束压力,在此基础上得到了压缩式胶筒的各个应力分量和第四相当应力,据此可以给出坐封力下胶筒的强度,确定合理的坐封力。实例计算解释了现场封隔器胶筒在坐封载荷作用下损坏的原因。     

一维河网非恒定流及悬沙数学模型的节点控制方法

本文的一维河网非恒定流及悬沙数学模型，是根据以一维圣维南方程组，悬沙非平衡输运方程及水位、含沙量节点控制法而建立。首先，利用单一河流有限差分方程组转换形式和节点处质量、能量守恒性，写出所有节点的水位控制方程组。求解此不规则稀疏矩阵方程组得到得有节点的水位，再由单一河流非恒定流的求解方法可获得所有单一河流的断面水位和流量。基于水注的节点水位控制法，本文提出了节点悬沙控制法。假设节点处冲刷或淤积较小，所有节点的含沙量控制方程组可通过输沙量守恒方程用矩阵形式写出。求解此不规则稀疏矩阵方程组，得到所有节点处的含沙量。所有单一河流断面处的含沙量通过单一河流悬沙输运的求解方法获得。本文介绍的模型适用于各种河网类型。作为检验，该模型成功地应用于珠江三角洲流域河网水流及悬沙的数值计算。     

大庆油田深层岩石力学特性参数的试验研究

通过对岩石可钻性、硬度、抗压强度等参数的测量 ,对大庆油田深井不同深度、不同层位、不同岩性的具有广泛代表性的岩心进行试验。并通过线性回归分析 ,建立了适用性较广的钻井岩石力学特性参数预测模型 ,为深井钻头选型提供了依据。