我国利用高岭土、膨润土制备矿物纳米材料的研发现状与展望

文章介绍了多孔纳米粘土矿物、纳米高岭土、多孔状纳米煅烧高岭土、纳米级莫来石二氧化硅复合粉体、纳米级高纯莫来石、纳米蒙脱石、聚合物／纳米蒙脱石复合材料等矿物纳米材料方面的研发现状与进展、并分析非金属矿物高岭土、膨润土在纳米材料领域发展过程中的重要性、经济性与可操作性。指出了国家在相关政策上的鼓励与支持，是加速发展我国矿物纳米材料之重要前题。     

葡萄糖酸改性蒙脱石纳米带的制备

采用有机酸改性的方法制备剥离型葡萄糖酸蒙脱石纳米带。考察了原料分散方法、提纯部位、助分散剂类型和剪切速率对蒙脱石纳米带长度的影响,并进行了产品应用探索。结果表明:膨润土矿采用湿法分散,沉降提纯时取中层部分为原料,剥离过程添加丙三醇作为助分散剂并在剪切速率为20.94 s?1时,剥离得到的蒙脱石纳米带长度较长。扫描电镜表明:制得的蒙脱石纳米带,长25~70μm,宽1~2μm,厚度100 nm。在原料预处理及改性加工过程中进行机械粉碎操作会折断蒙脱石纳米带。剥离过程的作用力有内部反应的推力及外部溶剂的拉力,均匀及合适的推、拉力可避免蒙脱石纳米带的折断。将平均长度为36μm的长蒙脱石纳米带用于改性CMC水溶液和PVA薄膜,结果表明:CMC水溶液的黏度提高了26.7%,PVA薄膜的断裂伸长率提高了28.6%,改性效果明显好于长度为5μm的短蒙脱石纳米带改性效果。     

PP/PA6/APP/OMMT复合材料的湿热老化性能研究

采用熔融挤出插层制备聚丙烯(PP)/尼龙6(PA6)/聚磷酸铵(APP)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)阻燃复合材料,研究温度80℃、湿度93.1%的湿热老化条件对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,随着湿热老化时间的延长,复合材料的表面形貌变得很差,产生大量的粗糙白斑.当OMMT含量较低时,复合材料的拉伸强度随湿热老化时间的延长先上升后下降.而当OMMT含量较高时,复合材料的拉伸强度随着湿热老化时间的延长而下降.弯曲强度的变化规律与拉伸强度相似.缺口冲击强度则随着老化时间的延长而提高.引起复合材料破坏的主要原因并非是湿热老化反应导致的分子链断裂,而是复合材料内积聚的水泡和水分子渗入到各相界面引起界面粘结强度下降导致的结果.     

聚丙烯/共聚酯/蒙脱土复合材料结晶行为的研究

采用热台偏光显微镜研究了聚丙烯(PP)/共聚酯(COPET)以及PP/COPET/蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料等温结晶时的结晶形态,结果表明:两样品均呈现清晰的球晶所特有的黑十字消光图像,PP/COPET/MMT复合材料的球晶尺寸比PP/COPET样品的球晶尺寸大大减小。采用差示扫描量热法对PP/COPET以及PP/COPET/MMT复合材料的非等温结晶行为进行了研究,结果表明:随着MMT含量的增加,复合材料样品的结晶初始温度和结晶峰温基本呈现逐渐降低趋势,结晶放热焓随MMT含量增加先增加后减小;在不同的降温速率下结晶,两种样品结晶峰温均随降温速率的增大而降低,结晶放热焓也随着结晶速率的增大而降低。采用Jeniorny法处理了PP/COPET和PP/COPET/MMT样品的非等温结晶过程,得出了两体系的结晶速率总体上随着冷却速率的增加而加快,为多维结晶生长体系。     

亚磷酸三苯酯/蒙脱土协效阻燃聚乳酸

通过溶液浇铸法制备聚乳酸/蒙脱土/亚磷酸三苯酯(PLA/MMT/TPPi)复合膜.对其阻燃性能进行研究.结果表明:蒙脱土与亚磷酸三苯酯的协同阻燃效果明显,总添加量为1.5%时极限氧指数达到33.2%.力学测试、熟分析、缓冲溶液降解等分析结果表明:蒙脱土与亚磷酸三苯酯的加入对材料的力学性能、热性能和降解性能的影响较小.     

水分散性聚苯胺/环氧树脂乳液防腐蚀涂层研究

利用原位插层聚合方法制备了水分散性的聚苯胺/蒙脱土复合材料(PANI/MMT),对其结构进行了XRD表征,测试了变温电导率;并以水性环氧树脂乳液为成膜物,制备了水分散性聚苯胺/环氧树脂乳液复合防腐蚀涂层材料(PANI/MMT/EP),通过开路电位(OCP)、电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)和塔菲尔曲线(Tafel)对其性能进行了研究,结果表明,PANI/MMT/EP复合涂层对A3钢具有较好的防腐蚀效果,腐蚀电流降低到10-9.7A/cm2。     

Retracted: Mechanical and thermal properties enhancement of polycarbonate nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding

The following article from the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, “Mechanical and thermal properties enhancement of polycarbonate nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding” by Sanjay K. Nayak, Smita Mohanty, and Sushanta K. Samal, published online on 7 April 2010 in Wiley Online Library (J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010 , 117, 2101; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.31222/full ), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's editors, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to significant overlap with respect to another article, “Effect of hydrogen bonding on the rheology of polycarbonate/organoclay nanocomposites,” by Kyung Min Lee, and Chang Dae Han, published online on 19 June 2003 in Polymer ( 2003 , 44, 4573).     

Toughened nylon66/nylon6 ternary nanocomposites by elastomers

The elastomer toughening of PA66/PA6 nanocomposites prepared from the organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was examined as a means of balancing stiffness/strength versus toughness/ductility. Several different formulations varying in OMMT content were made by mixing of PA6 and OMMT as a master‐batch and then blending it with PA66 and different elastomers in a twin screw extruder. In this sequence, the OMMT layers were well exfoliated in the nylon alloy matrix. The introduction of silicate layers with PA6 induced the appearance of the γ crystal phase in the nanocomposites, which is unstable and seldom appears in PA66 at room temperature and it further affected the morphology and dispersion of rubber phase resulting in much smaller rubber particles. The incorporation of POE‐g‐MA particles toughened the nanocomposites markedly, but the tensile modulus and strength were both reduced. Conversely, the use of OMMT increased the modulus but decreased the fracture toughness. The nanocomposites exhibited balanced stiffness and toughness. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Two‐dimensional electrolyte nature of exfoliated montmorillonite nanoplatelets fabricated by soap‐free emulsion polymerization and their affinity for cations

Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoplatelets, fabricated by the exfoliation of MMT during participating in the soap‐free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate, were well‐dispersed in water and performed like a two‐dimensional electrolyte. Their ionic conductivity roughly follows the Manning's limiting law for the conduction of a polyelectrolyte. The dissociated MMT nanoplatelets that carry negative charges in water were able to rapidly adsorb cations, such as tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)) and methylene blue (MB⁺), and recover into a smectic configuration floating as a separating phase. By using the Langmuir equation, we were able to estimate the occupied surface areas of MMT nanoplatelets by each Ru(bpy) and MB⁺ cations as 4.708 and 1.806 nm²/ion, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

用高纯膨润土制备无机凝胶的工艺研究

以莱西钙基膨润土为原料,经二次湿法提纯-2μm的膨润土,钠化改型,制备了高纯度的钠基膨润土,在此基础上,探索了无机凝胶的制备工艺,考察了不同磷化剂和胶化剂对无机凝胶的影响。提出了以0.7%焦磷酸钠为磷化改性剂,1.5%CaO为胶化剂制备无机凝胶的新工艺。希望能代替进口的VEEGUM系列应用于日化工业。