矿用无人卡车国内外研究现状及关键技术

分析了国内外露天矿山用卡车无人驾驶技术发展现状,详细介绍了露天矿山卡车无人驾驶关键技术;通过分析对比前装线控和后装线控两种技术路线的优缺点以及超声波雷达、毫米波雷达、激光雷达、4D光场智能感知系统、红外传感器、视觉传感器等环境感知技术的优缺点;提出多传感器高度融合将是露天矿山卡车实现全天候环境感知的发展方向。通过分析对比惯性导航系统、GNSS差分定位技术、车联网定位技术、电子地图定位技术、视觉传感器等定位导航技术的差异,指出多定位技术融合是露天矿山无人驾驶卡车定位方式的必然选择。结合露天煤矿的生产实际,提出将现有的无人驾驶各种技术算法与露天矿山标准作业流程有机融合是实现卡车无人驾驶的必由之路。最后指出无人驾驶卡车应用5G技术是露天矿山安全生产的关键和核心,是无人驾驶的必备技术。     

Can child-pedestrians’ hazard perception skills be enhanced?

ObjectiveTraffic collisions yield a substantial rate of morbidity and injury among child-pedestrians. We explored the formation of an innovative hazard perception training intervention – Child-pedestrians Anticipate and Act Hazard Perception Training (CA²HPT). Training was based upon enhancing participants’ ability to anticipate potential hazards by exposing them to an array of traffic scenes viewed from different angles.MethodTwenty-four 7–9-year-olds have participated. Trainees underwent a 40-min intervention of observing typical residential traffic scenarios in a simulated dome projection environment while engaging in a hazard detection task. Trainees were encouraged to note differences between the scenarios presented to them from separate angles (a pedestrian's point-of-view and a higher perspective angle). Next, trainees and control group members were required to perform crossing decision tasks.ResultsTrainees were found to be more aware of potential hazards related to restricted field of view relative to control.ConclusionsChild pedestrians are responsive to training and actively detecting materialized hazards may enrich child-pedestrians’ ability to cross roads.     

积层板的制造方法

概述了积层板的开发背景、制造工艺和最近的开发动向。     

Attentional Biases for Negative Interpersonal Stimuli in Clinical Depression.

An information-processing paradigm was used to examine attentional biases in clinically depressed participants, participants with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and nonpsychiatric control participants for faces expressing sadness, anger, and happiness. Faces were presented for 1,000 ms, at which point depressed participants had directed their attention selectively to depression-relevant (i.e., sad) faces. This attentional bias was specific to the emotion of sadness; the depressed participants did not exhibit attentional biases to the angry or happy faces. This bias was also specific to depression; at 1,000 ms, participants with GAD were not attending selectively to sad, happy, or anxiety-relevant (i.e., angry) faces. Implications of these findings for both the cognitive and the interpersonal functioning of depressed individuals are discussed and directions for future research are advanced. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Life is pleasant--and memory helps to keep it that way!

People's recollections of the past are often positively biased. This bias has 2 causes. The 1st cause lies in people's perceptions of events. The authors review the results of several studies and present several new comparative analyses of these studies, all of which indicate that people perceive events in their lives to more often be pleasant than unpleasant. A 2nd cause is the fading affect bias: The affect associated with unpleasant events fades faster than the affect associated with pleasant events. The authors review the results of several studies documenting this bias and present evidence indicating that dysphoria (mild depression) disrupts such bias. Taken together, this evidence suggests that autobiographical memory represents an important exception to the theoretical claim that bad is stronger than good. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

BaxSr（1—x）TiO3多层膜椭偏光谱研究

用溶胶－凝胶技术在Bi(100）衬底上制备了单层和渐变型多层的BaxSr(1-X)TiO3薄膜，其膜层组分分别为：Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3,Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO,Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3,BaTiO3，对生长制备出的多层BaxSr(1-X)TiO3薄膜进行了变角度椭偏光谱测量，通过椭偏光谱解谱分析研究，首次得到了BaxSr(1-X)TiO3多层膜结构不同膜层的膜厚和光学常数，其结果显示：椭偏光谱分析得到的不同膜层的膜厚与卢瑟福背向散射测量得到的结果基本相符；渐变型多层膜中BaTiO3薄膜的折射率比单层BaTiO3薄膜折射率大许多，与体BaTiO3的折射率相接近，这说明渐变型多层膜中BaTiO3薄膜的光学性质与体材料的光学性质接近。     

多层薄膜结构气敏效应研究

在SnO2气敏薄膜层上覆盖一层或多层钝化材料（SiO2,Al2O3) 薄膜，制成的多层膜气敏元件，可很好地排除大分子气体如乙醇等对小分子H2检测的干扰，使其具有单独检测H2的功能。本文还通过测量元件的升温曲线，推导出敏感体表面的氧吸附活化能；找出活化能与灵敏度、选择性的关系。根据实验现象和物性分析结果，试着探讨了元件的敏感机理。     

Display reflectance: Basics,measurement, and rating

Abstract— In this paper, methods and instruments for measurement and evaluation of reflection characteristics are reviewed as needed for research and development of electronic displays and for material and surface modeling with ray‐tracing and rendering software packages. Contrast under ambient illumination and recognizability under daylight illumination are prime development targets in the electronic‐display field, while computation and synthesis of realistic scenes and objects are pushing the need for physical data in computer graphics applications. Three categories of instruments are available for detailed reflection analysis. They are based on (1) gonioscopic (mechanical) and conoscopic (optical) directional scanning, (2) imaging approaches, and (3) on arrangements with variable source or receiver aperture. The capabilities, advantages, and limitations of these methods are introduced and discussed in order to facilitate appropriate selection of methods and instruments. For illustration purposes we present typical results obtained from commercial electronic display screens. A basis for continued widespread implementation and standardization of reflection metrology as required for objective rating and comparison of electronic‐display screen performance under ambient illumination is provided.     

The role of occlusion in the perception of depth, lightness, and opacity.

A theory is presented that explains how the visual system infers the lightness, opacity, and depth of surfaces from stereoscopic images. It is shown that the polarity and magnitude of image contrast play distinct roles in surface perception, which can be captured by 2 principles of perceptual inference. First, a contrast depth asymmetry principle articulates how the visual system computes the ordinal depth and lightness relationships from the polarity of local, binocularly matched image contrast. Second, a global transmittance anchoring principle expresses how variations in contrast magnitudes are used to infer the presence of transparent surfaces. It is argued that these principles provide a unified explanation of how the visual system computes the 3-D surface structure of opaque and transparent surfaces. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Experience, Context, and the Visual Perception of Human Movement.

Why are human observers particularly sensitive to human movement? Seven experiments examined the roles of visual experience and motor processes in human movement perception by comparing visual sensitivities to point-light displays of familiar, unusual, and impossible gaits across gait-speed and identity discrimination tasks. In both tasks, visual sensitivity to physically possible gaits was superior to visual sensitivity to physically impossible gaits, supporting perception-action coupling theories of human movement perception. Visual experience influenced walker-identity perception but not gait-speed discrimination. Thus, both motor experience and visual experience define visual sensitivity to human movement. An ecological perspective can be used to define the conditions necessary for experience-dependent sensitivity to human movement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)