生物质转化的共性问题研究——生物质科学与工程学的建立与发展

生物质资源的高值转化是研究热点。由于现有的生物质利用技术存在的技术单一,缺乏系统性理论指导等问题,导致原料利用率低,经济效益差,难以实现工业化生产,迫切需要建立新的理论体系。通过深入分析生物质转化过程中的共性问题,在综合多学科知识的基础上,提出了生物质科学与工程学这一理念,从生物质原料工程学,生物质转化过程工程学和生物质产品工程学三方面对生物质利用技术进行了全面、系统的研究,为生物质类可再生资源的高值化利用提供了新的研究思路。     

对大学信息技术课程建设思路的探讨

随着社会产业结构的调整，信息技术教育的内容和要求发生了巨大变化，开创新的教育理念和教育方法要从课程建设和师资培养两个方面入手。课程建设是高等学校教学管理工作建设及专业建设的重要内容，师资培养是提高整体教育水平的关键。     

Effects of real‐time visual feedback on pre‐service teachers' singing

This pilot study focuses on the use real‐time visual feedback technology (VFT) in vocal training. The empirical research has two aims: to ascertain the effectiveness of the real‐time visual feedback software ‘Sing & See’ in the vocal training of pre‐service music teachers and the teachers' perspective on their experience with VFT. Forty participants from an undergraduate music teacher education programme were randomly assigned to three groups. The first two groups were assigned the teacher and student versions of Sing & See, respectively, and the third group served as a control group without access to the software. The experimental groups were given 12 weeks to use the software for vocal training on a self‐regulated basis. The technique of complex selections (TCS) was designed to assess the pitch accuracy and richness of vocal timbre. Pre‐ and post‐test singing tasks showed that the participants from the experimental groups significantly improved their vocal timbre. A questionnaire survey conducted after the training period found that most of the participants in the experimental s were positive about the effectiveness of VFT software in vocal training. As future leaders in the implementation of music education technology, pre‐service music teachers expressed a positive attitude towards the use of VFT as a technology‐enhanced learning (TEL) component in music education.     

21世纪新玻璃的发展

新玻璃是指与传统玻璃相比具有不同性质、功能和用途,或采用与传统玻璃不同的成分、原料和制备工艺而得到的玻璃材料及制品.在以信息技术为主导、多门高新技术为支柱的新经济时代,新玻璃主要用于信息技术、生命科学、新能源与再生能源、新材料、海洋科学、环境保护方面.本文阐述了新玻璃的特征、品种、制备与发展.     

Mechanisms of hydrocarbon conversion reactions on heterogeneous catalysts: analogies with organometallic chemistry

Catalysis is central to most industrial processes for chemical manufacturing. As catalytic processes have become more complex and more demanding, selectivity has become the central issue in their design. Selectivity is defined by the relative rates of competing reaction pathways available to crucial intermediates, and can be controlled by subtle changes in the nature of the catalyst, the reactants, and/or the reaction conditions. In order to be able to do this in a systematic manner, a good understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanisms is needed. Here a connection is drawn between the key elementary steps comprising hydrocarbon conversion reactions on surfaces and those known to occur on discrete organometallic complexes. This way, the hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, chain growth, and isomerization reactions typical in heterogeneous catalysis are redefined in terms of hydride elimination, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, migratory insertion, and 1, 2-shift elementary steps, among others. It is suggested that the knowledge already available from organometallic chemistry can be used to further advance the understanding of the surface science involved in heterogeneous catalysis. Thanks to the commonality of the chemistry involved, a better synergy could also be established between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic development. These ideas are discussed in this article in a critical and personal way.*Invited contribution to the special volume entitled The Interface between Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis, stemming from contributions at the recent International Symposium on Relations between Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis, and dedicated to the memory of Robert L. Burwell.     

提高科技创新实力实现我国炼油工业的持续发展

分析了21世纪我国炼油工业要持续发展，国际竞争能力要大力提高，涉及到的原油资源战略、现代化企业管理、行业体制和机制、企业机构调整、人才机制及科技创新等多方面问题，并就产品质量、深度加工、油化一体化、信息技术和运输燃料替代技术，以及如何提高科技创新能力、加强科技开发等技术发展战略，提出了一些对策和建议。     

电子辐射对渗透和非渗透性客体上指纹信息记录的影响

由于恐怖分子利用邮政系统投寄携带炭疽病毒的邮件,传播病毒,已引起美国政府在邮政系统,选择地利用电子辐射杀死病毒。然而,这种病毒袭击并没有得到有效控制,却使信封内的邮件由于高温辐射,受到损坏。有报道说,由于电子辐射使纸张、珠宝、信用卡、软盘和光盘及其它电子材料受到损害。某些研究已在法庭科学中得到验证。本文介绍辐射过程在渗透和非渗透性客体上,对化学试剂、生物酶记录指纹信息的影响。     

Status of aqueous surfactant phase science

Recent phase studies of several surfactant-water systems, using new or refined methods, have revealed significant errors in earlier phase diagrams. These diagrams had been determined largely using methods based on the isoplethal phase studies principle. This principle has inherent limitations which do not exist in isothermal methods. Isothermal nuclear magnetic resonance and refined calorimetric methods have been extensively used in recent surfactant phase studies. Methods based on the new lyotrope gradient (swelling) principle show great promise as a means of improving the efficiency and quality of surfactant phase studies.     

基于地域文化的水土保持科技园¬规划初探 —以瑞金水土保持教育体验园为例

水土保持科技园作为新时代水保发展的重要平台和窗口,已成为水土流失治理示范、科学研究、技术推广、科普教育的重要平台和窗口.然而许多科技园的建设往往忽略了当地浓郁的地域文化特色,出现"千园一面"、"万园同构"等问题.本文以瑞金水土保持教育体验园为例,从规划设计的角度出发,研究具有地域文化特色的水土保持科技园的规划方略,以期为今后水土保持科技园的规划建设提供参考借鉴.     

From IP to Start-up： Building a Robust Life Science Incubator

An incubator is an organization that supports new ventures to grow and survive during the early stages. Mainly dedicated to information technology, life science may appear to be the next hot spot for incubators. Are there stabilized good practices？ Are the business models in information technology and in life science comparable when it goes to start-ups＇ incubation？ Leveraging our experience as practitioner in this field and using an inductive methodology, this paper tends to propose simple principles to help build robust incubators in life science, and to contribute to disseminate an entrepreneurial approach through an industry still dominated by blue chips.