Effect of organoclay structure on nylon 6 nanocomposite morphology and properties

A carefully selected series of organic amine salts were ion exchanged with sodium montmorillonite to form organoclays varying in amine structure or exchange level relative to the clay. Each organoclay was melt-mixed with a high molecular grade of nylon 6 (HMW) using a twin screw extruder; some organoclays were also mixed with a low molecular grade of nylon 6 (LMW). Wide angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and stress-strain behavior were used to evaluate the effect of amine structure on nanocomposite morphology and physical properties. Three surfactant structural issues were found to significantly affect nanocomposite morphology and properties in the case of the HMW nylon 6: decreasing the number of long alkyl tails from two to one tallows, use of methyl rather than hydroxy-ethyl groups, and use of an equivalent amount of surfactant with the montmorillonite, as opposed to adding excess, lead to greater extents of silicate platelet exfoliation, increased moduli, higher yield strengths, and lower elongation at break. LMW nanocomposites exhibited similar surfactant structure-nanocomposite behavior. Overall, nanocomposites based on HMW nylon 6 exhibited higher extents of platelet exfoliation and better mechanical properties than nanocomposites formed from the LMW polyamide, regardless of the organoclay used. This trend is attributed to the higher melt viscosity and consequently the higher shear stresses generated during melt processing.     

基于任务驱动的外训图像处理课程教学实践

从军校外训教学特点出发,结合课程设计,介绍了任务驱动教学法在外训Photoshop课程中的具体运用。在任务驱动教学法的理论依据、案例的设计、案例教学的实施等方面作了研究,在如何将理论与实践相结合进行设计上,进行了尝试并取得较好效果。     

异向旋转双螺杆挤出机的发展前景

本文通过分析螺杆在不同区段的几何特征及其对相应加工阶段的影响对平行和锥形双螺杆挤出机进行了全面的比较。     

Pressureless low temperature sintering of nanocrystalline zirconia ceramics via dry powder processing

Pressureless sintering approaches provide a simple avenue to manufacture dense ceramic parts with minimal processing equipment, but current pressureless sintering techniques have yet to demonstrate capabilities of producing dense ceramics while maintaining sub-50 nm grain sizes. Nanocrystalline yttria stablized zirconia ceramics were process from 4 mol% yttria stablized zirconia (4YSZ) nanopowders with a crystallite size of 7.5 nm using dry cold isostatic pressing (CIP) where powders are dried immediately prior to green compact formation and CIP vacuum bagging. It is shown that CIP pressures >75 000 psi (517 MPa) effectively remove pores larger than 100 nm and that pressureless sintering occurs at reduced temperatures for green densities ≥50%. Though the sintering kinetics are shown to be similar to other zirconia nanopowder sintering studies, the small initial crystallize size and reduced sintering temperature allowed densities as high as 97.2%, while retaining a ceramic grain size at or below 40 nm. Produced nanocrystalline 4YSZ ceramics with a grain size of 30.3 nm and a density of 96.3% had Vicker's hardnesses as high as 14.2 GPa and Vicker's indentation fracture resistance of 3.43 MPa·, demonstrating that simple processing approaches can be refined to fabricate nanocrystalline ceramics while maintaining high hardness and indentation fracture resistance.     

惯性器件建模对GPS失锁段导航精度的影响

针对INS/GPS组合导航系统在GPS信号失锁的条件下导航精度恶化的问题,分析了惯性器件建模对导航精度的影响程度。通过对传统简化模型和考虑载体机动与环境因素的影响而建立的惯性器件完备模型的仿真,对两种模型在组合断开后的纯惯性导航的水平位置误差进行对比。结果表明相比简化模型相对完备模型可以将水平位置误差的精度提高53%,能有效解决INS/GPS组合导航系统因GPS信号失效后纯惯性系统的定位精度迅速恶化问题。     

基于流形学习的正交稀疏保留投影

稀疏保留投影通过保留样本之间的全局稀疏重构关系来进行特征提取,获得了良好的分类效果。但是,稀疏保留投影得到的投影变换通常不是正交的,而且在实际应用中,正交性一直被认为有利于提高鉴别能力。另外,根据流形学习理论,局部流形结构比全局欧式结构更重要。因此,文中在稀疏保留投影中引入了流形结构保留和正交投影,提出了整体正交流形稀疏保留投影（HOMSPP）和迭代正交流形稀疏保留投影（IOMSPP）两种实现算法来实现人脸和掌纹图像的特征提取。     

采用支持向量回归抑制噪声的经验模态分解方法

在实际信号分解中,经验模态分解（ EMD）是对噪声敏感的,往往会分离出一些虚假的本征模函数,对信号的分析产生一定影响。为了提高EMD分解的正确率,减少其出现虚假本征模函数的情况,文中提出了一种基于支持向量回归（ SVR）的去噪方法。先对一次EMD分解结果进行SVR逐层滤波并且对信号进行重组,然后利用EMD方法对重组信号进行二次分解。实验表明,二次分解结果已经非常接近于理想的分解结果,不会出现虚假IMF。这种分解方法对噪声不敏感,能有效提高EMD方法对噪声的容忍度。     

基于循环维纳滤波的振动信号去噪算法研究

振动信号的去噪需要在滤除噪声的同时尽可能避免相位失真。传统的锐截止低通滤波器或FIR滤波器无法在去噪效果和线性相位之间取得平衡,难以满足振动信号的去噪需求。针对这一问题,将线性相位的维纳滤波算法引入到振动信号的去噪中,并结合振动信号的循环平稳特性,形成了振动信号的循环维纳滤波算法。文中以直接维纳滤波为基础对循环维纳滤波算法的原理进行了深入分析和仿真实现,并基于实测汽轮机振动信号对算法的去噪性能进行了讨论。理论分析及算法仿真表明,循环维纳滤波算法在保证线性相位的前提下有较好的去噪效果,能够解决传统去噪算法所存在的去噪效果与线性相位难以均衡的问题。     

基于多特征的汉语句子相似度计算模型的研究

句子相似度的计算在自然语言处理的各个领域中都占有很重要的地位。文中深入分析了现有的一些句子相似度计算的方法,这些方法各自从词特征、词义特征或句法特征等某一侧面描述了句子相似的情况,未能全面地描述一个句子的完整信息。文中提出了一种新的基于多特征的汉语句子相似度的计算模型。该方法在基于词的基础上,从句子中词的表层到词的逻辑联系,从句子的局部结构到整体结构,用句子的区分度、相同词的相似度、长度相似度、词性相似度及词序相似度五个方面来综合考虑两个句子相似度的计算。实验结果表明,该方法合理、简便、可行。     

面向OLGP的多维信息网络数据仓库模型设计

信息网络的出现使信息由简单的数值型数据演化成较复杂的图网络结构。如何对基于图的信息网络数据进行良好的组织和存储成为一个亟待解决的问题。利用维建模的方法对基于图的信息网络数据进行模型设计,提出了多维信息网络仓库模型。该模型由边事实表、节点事实表、信息维连接属性表以及拓扑维节点属性表组成,能够为在线图处理提供底层的数据平台。实验表明该模型在消除冗余、查询时间、存储空间上均较泛关系表有明显优势。新模型在1．25万篇ACM论文上的查询时间稳定在几十毫秒,较泛关系表的查询时间约减少一个数量级。在空间性能上,随着论文数量的增加,该模型存储空间开销的增长速度远小于泛关系表的增长速度。