Automatic image acquisition, calibration and montage assembly for biological X-ray microscopy

We describe a system for the automatic acquisition and processing of digital images in a high-resolution X-ray microscope, including the formation of large-field high-resolution image montages. A computer-controlled sample positioning stage provides approximate coordinates for each high-resolution subimage. Individual subimages are corrected to compensate for time-varying, non-uniform illumination and CCD-related artefacts. They are then automatically assembled into a montage. The montage assembly algorithm is designed to use the overlap between each subimage and multiple neighbours to improve the performance of the registration step and the fidelity of the result. This is accomplished by explicit use of recorded stage positions, optimized ordering of subimage insertion, and registration of subimages to the developing montage. Using this procedure registration errors are below the resolution limit of the microscope (43 nm). The image produced is a seamless, large-field montage at full resolution, assembled automatically without human intervention. Beyond this, it is also an accurate X-ray transmission map that allows the quantitative measurement of anatomical and chemical features of the sample. Applying these tools to a biological problem, we have conducted the largest X-ray microscopical study to date.     

Experimental ionization cross-sections of phosphorus and calcium by electron spectroscopic imaging

The absolute partial electron scattering cross-section for the phosphorus L_2,3-shell ionization was measured by electron spectroscopic imaging using poliovirus as a primary standard. The equivalent calcium cross-section was obtained in relation to phosphorus using the stoichiometric ratio for these two elements in hydroxyapatite, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂. At 80kcV, the partial cross-section of phosphorus was 2.26 times 10^?20 and 2.68 × 10^?20cm²/atom for poliovirus and hydroxyapatite, respectively, at 150eV loss for a 15-cV energy window and an acceptance angle of 15 mrad. Under the same conditions the calcium cross-section was 0.49 × 10^?20 cm²/atom at 360 eV loss. The experimental values are slightly higher than the theoretical cross-sections calculated either by hydrogenic or Hartree—Slater approaches.     

Imaging birds in a bird cage: in-vivo FSE 3D MRI of bird brain

An in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure is described that allows one to obtain three-dimensional high quality images of the entire brain of small birds such as the canary (20 g) and the starling (75 g) with an image resolution of 0.1 mm (58-113 μm, dependent on the size of the imaged bird). The entire imaging procedure took about 2 h after which the birds recovered from anaesthesia uneventfully and could be reused for subsequent additional imaging. This non invasive MRI technique enables to correlate brain measures with behavioural or physiological data that are dynamic in nature and could permit significant progress for bird neurological research. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的SAR运动目标检测与成像

基于分数阶傅里叶变换（ＦＲＦＴ）的ｃｈｉｒｐ基分解特性及分数阶傅里叶变换与时频分布的关系，提出了基于ＦＲＦＴ的ＳＡＲ运动目标检测和成像的新方法，并给出了处理方案和计算机仿真结果。与传统的ＷＶＤ－ＨＴ方法相比，作为线性变换的ＦＲＦＴ方法不需考虑多目标时的交叉项问题，从而省去了ＷＶＤ－ＨＴ方法中ＷＶＤ值从直角坐标到极坐标的转换和二维搜索的Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换，简化了处理，降低了计算复杂度。     

稀疏脉冲反演在东营凹陷坨163井区沙三段储层预测中的应用

采取层序地层学理论与测井约束反演相结合的方法,对东营凹陷坨163井区沙三段的砂体分布进行了预测.研究结果表明,坨163井区沙三段主要发育沙三段下亚段浊积扇沉积体系和沙三段中亚段、沙三段上亚段的扇三角洲沉积体系;沙三段下亚段沉积时期研究区的东部和南部发育多个浊积扇体,最大的一个位于坨710砂体附近,沙三段中亚段沉积时期在坨717-坨718和坨710井区附近发育2个较大的扇三角洲;运用稀疏脉冲反演软件Ja-son对该区储层进行了反演,并运用三维可视化技术等方法,预测了坨710、坨718、坨717、坨714和坨163等5个有利砂体.     

Single-fluorophore imaging with an unmodified epifluorescence microscope and conventional video camera

Single fluorophores in aqueous solution were imaged in real time with a conventional silicon-intensified target video camera connected to an unmodified commercial microscope (IX70, Olympus) with epifluorescence excitation with a high-pressure mercury lamp. Neither a powerful laser nor an extremely sensitive video camera was required. Three experimental systems were used to demonstrate quantitatively that individual, moving or stationary Cy3 fluorophores could be imaged with the microscope: Cy3-gelsolin attached to an actin filament sliding over heavy meromyosin, sliding actin filaments sparsely labelled with Cy3, and heavy meromyosin labelled with one or two Cy3 fluorophores. The results should encourage many laboratories to attempt 'single-molecule physiology' in which the functions and mechanisms of molecular machines are studied at the single-molecule level in an environment where the biological machines are fully active.     

超声波色差对二次谐波成像影响的研究

为了分析超声波中色差对二次谐波成像的影响,通过理论分析和仿真实验研究组织谐波成像中的色差问题.仿真结果显示,在有色差存在的情况下,二次谐波的能量产生主要集中在近场附近,谐波声束剖面与色差的基波相似,尽管二次谐波是在较深的深度产生的,它仍然会经历较大的色差,背散射声束在经过体壁传输时会使脉冲产生更严重的色差,并且随着频率的增加,非线性部分平滑振幅波动的能力减弱,从而使得色差幅度更严重.