磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂催化合成苹果酯

自制了磷钨酸(H3PW12O40)掺杂聚苯胺(PAn)催化剂H3PW12O40/PAn。以乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料合成苹果酯,较系统地研究了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,合成苹果酯的适宜反应条件为n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1 5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1 0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间50min。上述条件下,苹果酯的收率为81 0%。     

3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇的合成方法

二氯菊酯是拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的重要中间体。依据不同原料,介绍了其前驱体3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇三种合成方法,阐述了不同的合成方法得到的不同结果,比较了各种方法的可行性。重点介绍了以异丁烯应用普林斯反应的合成方法,其原料价廉易得,反应两步完成,副产物少,是主要的工业化生产方法。     

2-对溴苯基-5-芳基-1,3,4噁二唑类化合物的合成研究

设计并合成了3个2-对溴苯基-5-芳基-1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物,它们是进一步合成具有光电功能特性的噁二唑类化合物的重要前体。探讨了不同的合成条件和途径,发现以P(Ph)3/(Et)3N/CCl4作为脱水剂来合成非对称的1,3,4-噁二唑是较好的合成方法。     

加成法合成3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷

以甲基二氯硅烷和甲醇为原料,采用气-液相反应法合成出甲基二甲氧基硅烷;然后,将甲基二甲氧基硅烷与3,3,3-三氟丙烯在铂催化剂作用下进行硅氢加成反应,得到3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。考察了原料配比、填料种类等因素对醇解反应的影响以及铂催化剂的种类、用量、反应温度等对加成反应的影响。结果表明,最优合成条件为:在醇解反应中,甲基二氯硅烷与甲醇的量之比为1∶1·8、醇解温度50℃、甲醇滴加速度2mL/min、N2流量80mL/min,在此条件下,甲基二甲氧基硅烷的收率为86%;在加成反应中,采用自制的铂催化剂,当铂催化剂与甲基二甲氧基硅烷的量之比为3·0×10-4∶1、反应温度为120℃时,3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷的收率达90%。此法可有效提高3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷的收率。     

Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of nano crystalline spinel LiMn2O4 showing good cycling performance in the 3 V range

Spherical lithium manganese oxide spinel was synthesized by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method, and has been characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transimission electron microscopy and electrochemical cycling at 3 V regions. The LiMn₂O₄ powders were composed of about 10 nm-sized primary particles. The delivered discharge capacity of the synthesized nano-material was 125 mAh g⁻¹ between 2.4 and 3.5 V and its retention was about 96% upon 50 cycling. From the high resolution transmission electron microscopic study, it was found that structural transition of the parent material did not occur even after the 50th electrochemical cycling on the 3 V region. It seems that the reversible structural change is possible for nanocrystalline LiMn₂O₄ as observed by the X-ray diffraction and transition electron microscopic observations.     

Synthesis and electrochemical characteristics of Al2O3-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode materials have been coated with Al₂O₃ nano-particles using sol-gel processing to improve its electrochemical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the as-prepared Al₂O₃ nano-particles was indexed to the cubic structure of the γ-Al₂O₃ phase and had an average size of ∼4 nm. The XRD showed that the structure of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was not affected by the Al₂O₃ coating. However, the Al₂O₃ coatings on LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ improved the cyclic life performance and rate capability without decreasing its initial discharge capacity. These electrochemical properties were also compared with those of LiAlO₂-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode material. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was studied to understand the enhanced electrochemical properties of the Al₂O₃-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ compared to uncoated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂.     

Oxidative coupling of methane over LaCoO3−δ-based mixed oxides

The catalytic activity of LaCoO_3–-based mixed oxides for the oxidative coupling of methane has been tested by TPR and cyclic reaction. Characterization has been done by XRD, TGA and Mössbauer spectrometry. It is likely that the perovskite-crystal structure containing hypervalent metal ions has an important role and that unique structural oxygen species in the perovskite contribute to the partial oxidation of methane.     

基于无线传感器网络的土壤墒情监测系统

目前农田监测智能化水平低,管理实时性差,远距离信息传输能力弱、可扩展性不强,且市场上普遍的土壤墒情机一般基于有线连接方式,对于农田监测有一定的局限性,价格昂贵,不适合一般农田的智能化管理。设计了一种土壤监测无线传感网络节点及其远程传输装置,该系统通过PICl8F4520单片机将ARN-100土壤水分传感器、ARN—Tw土壤温度传感器及H311-AS002-T土壤酸碱度传感器采集到的土壤参数处理后,通过ZigBee近距离无线通讯网络以及3G远程无线网络,将数据实时传输给监测终端。测试结果验证了该系统的合理性与实用性,符合现代农业发展方向。     

基于射频技术的智能清洁管理系统研究

针对当前城市清洁工出现无效劳动且管理不便的问题,提出并开发了一套基于无线射频识别技术和超声波传感器技术的垃圾桶智能化管理系统。该系统通过超声波传感器自动检测垃圾桶,实现对每个垃圾桶的监控与管理。并通过RFID技术以及3G通信技术,对存储清洁工信息的电子标签进行识别,及时通知清洁工处理。由于本系统实现了城市环境智能检测、及时处理垃圾、方便工作监督的效果,因而具有较高的应用价值。     

采用嵌人式技术的智能电导率仪设计

为了实时精确地测量水溶液的电导率,设计了一种高精度的智能电导率仪。系统采用S3C2440为核心控制处理器,包含时钟模块、正弦交流激励模块、精密整流模块、A／D采样模块、触摸屏显示模块、以太网接口模块、数据存储模块、故障报警模块等。提供数据采集和处理、触摸屏显示、以太网通信、故障报警等功能。实验数据表明,该仪表能准确测量水溶液的电导率,测量精度高、工作稳定可靠、重复性好,有较高的实用价值和推广意义。