Role of activated carbon on micropollutans degradation by ionizing radiation

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the presence of activated carbon on the degradation of the triiodinated contrast medium diatrizoate (DTZ) by the simultaneous use of gamma radiation and activated carbon. Four commercial activated carbons (Ceca, Witco, Sorbo, and Merck) with different textural and chemical characteristics were used for this purpose. The percentage DTZ removal obtained was considerably higher with the gamma radiation/activated carbon (GM/AC) system than with radiolysis in the absence of activated carbon, and it depended on the specific activated carbon employed. First, we optimized the amount of activated carbon required to maximize the amount of DTZ removed by the GM/AC system (0.06 g). The degradation constants were higher with the GM/AC system than with radiolysis alone, evidencing a synergic effect that favors pollutant removal. This synergic effect is independent of the textural but not the chemical characteristics of the activated carbon, observing a higher synergic activity for carbons with a higher surface content of oxygen, specifically quinone groups. We also highlight that the synergic effect of the activated carbon requires adsorbent–adsorbate electrostatic interaction and is absent when this interaction is hindered.     

40Cr在高压液固两相流中的冲蚀行为

为研究钻井液中的固相颗粒对控压钻井节流阀阀芯表面轮廓冲蚀的影响,采用高压水携砂喷射法模拟节流阀阀芯工作环境,探究节流阀阀芯材料40Cr在不同攻角下的冲蚀行为,分析冲蚀量与攻角的关系;采用三维扫描仪测量冲蚀后材料的表面形貌,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观测材料冲蚀区的微观形貌,分析不同攻角下材料的冲蚀磨损机制。结果显示:当攻角由15°增加到90°时,试件冲蚀斑坑深度、冲蚀质量损失呈现先增加再减小的趋势,并在45°时达到最大,同时,冲蚀斑坑形状由椭圆形状逐渐向圆形变化;随着冲蚀时间的延长,在攻角为45°时冲蚀质量损失以指数方式增加;40Cr材料在低角度冲蚀为"犁削"作用,高角度为"冲击锻打",在整个冲蚀过程中2种损伤机制并存,在45°时2种作用效果最大。研究表明:通过改变阀芯轮廓使粒子攻角避开45°附近,可减少节流阀冲蚀磨损。     

Detection of frozen salt in pipes using gamma-ray spectrometry of potassium self-activity

Solar plants that use molten salts as heat transfer fluid need careful control to avoid the freezing of the salt in the pipes; if such a problem occurs, a diagnostic instrument to localize where is the frozen salt plug and to determine its length is useful. If the salt contains potassium (as is the case of the most common mixture used in solar plants, NaNO₃/KNO₃ 60/40% by weight), the gamma decay of the natural unstable isotope ⁴⁰K can be exploited to detect the frozen salt in a non-invasive way. Simulations and experimental results regarding the detectability of such plugs with different masses/lengths are presented.     

骨干网光网络技术的发展与展望

介绍了当前骨干网光网络技术的现状,并对100G,40G,OTN技术进行了分析,最后对下一步光网络技术的发展进行了展望.     

40G WDM——下一代光纤传输系统

带宽是满足用户体验的基本保障。逐渐步入主流的3G业务、高宽带业务的带宽需求,给运营商光传输网的建设带来了巨大压力,40G乃至100GWDM技术已成为未来光传输网的必然选择。本文着重介绍了40GWDM的关键技术、设计原则和部署模式。     

略论乒乓球变大后对乒乓技术的影响

由小球改大球，标志着乒乓球运动进入一个新的发展阶段，这将对运动 员的心理素质、身体素质以及战技术水平、能力，也包括相应的对乒乓球器材的适应等带来重大的影响，分析其中的影响、变化，正确地认识把握其规律，是掌握先机和占据主动的关键。     

Multiscale cell-based coarsening for discontinuous problems

Whether tracking the eye of a storm, the leading edge of a wildfire, or the front of a chemical reaction, one finds that significant change occurs at the thin edge of an advancing line. The tracking of such change-fronts comes in myriad forms with a wide variety of applications expressible as PDEs. Expanding on Ami Harten’s ideas, we construct an alternative to wavelet-based grid refinement, a multiresolution coarsening method that is capable of capturing sharp gradients across different scales, thus improving PDE-based simulations by concentrating computational resources where the solution varies sharply. We present this alternative grid coarsening method and compare its performance to other multiresolution methods by means of several examples.     

Sequencing and functional analysis of the Hansenula polymorpha genomic fragment containing the YPT1 and PMI40 genes

A 6.0 kb genomic DNA segment was isolated by its ability to rescue the temperature-sensitive growth defect and the hypersensitivity to sodium deoxycholate of a spontaneous vanadate-resistant mutant derived from Hansenula polymorpha DL-1. The genomic fragment contains four open reading frames homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes YPT1 (which codes for a GTP-binding protein; 75% amino acid identity), PMI40 (encoding phosphomannose isomerase; 61% identity), YLR065c (30% identity) and CST13 (28% identity). The H. polymorpha YPT1 homologue (HpYPT1) was found to be responsible for the complementation of the temperature-sensitive phenotype and the sodium deoxycholate sensitivity of the mutant strain. Disruption of the H. polymorpha PMI40 homologue (HpPMI40) resulted in the auxotrophic requirement for D-mannose. The heterologous expressions of HpYPT1 and HpPMI40 were able to complement the temperature-sensitive phenotype of S. cerevisiae ypt1-1 mutant and the mannose auxotrophy of S. cerevisiae pmi40 null mutant, respectively, indicating that the H. polymorpha genes encode the functional homologues of S. cerevisiae YPT1 and PMI40 proteins. The nucleotide sequence has been submitted to GenBank under Accession No. AF454544.     

硅钨钼杂多酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

首次报道了以自制的H4SiW6Mo6O40(硅钨钼杂多酸)-PAn(聚苯胺)为催化剂采用苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。实验表明，合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛适宜反应条件为：n(苯甲醛)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．8，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1．0％，环已烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h。在上述条件下，苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达84．0％。由此可见，H4SiW6Mo6O40-PAn是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的优良催化剂，具有良好的应用前景。     

100t汽车车轴断裂分析

采用直读光谱、力学性能测试、金相检验和扫描电镜观察等方法对重型载重汽车的断裂车轴进行了分析。结果表明，车轴材质为40Cr钢，未经调质处理，加上车轴表层严重脱碳，导致其力学性能均低于标准值；加之轴表面存在划痕，在表面淬火后形成淬火裂纹，在使用过程中发生脆性解理断裂。