德国高速拉丝模之研究

德国ＨＥＲＫＥＬ公司生产的高速拉丝模具在高速拉拔粗规格、高强度预应力钢丝中表现出较长的使用寿命。用ＣＤＴ－２００拉丝模孔型微机检测仪对其剖析结果表明，该模具完全遵循＂直线型拉丝模＂孔型设计理论。     

国外地质勘探报告解读要点

对国内外地质勘探报告中确定地基容许承载力的方法进行了对比，并对地基承栽力的修正系数进行了分析。     

Probing the pore space of geothermal reservoir sandstones by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Pulsed-Field-Gradient–Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG–NMR) is an interesting method to determine microscopic but volumetrically averaged properties of pore space. In the present paper a number of sandstone samples, taken from drill cores of geothermal wells in North Germany, have been investigated. The time-dependent self-diffusion of water molecules in their confined geometry is used to probe the pore space. The short-time behaviour of the self-diffusion coefficient (anomalous diffusion) in the porous matrix allows the determination of the surface-to-pore volume ratio S/V_p. At long diffusion times, molecules scout the tortuosity of the interconnected pore space of the sandstones. The NMR results were compared with data from petrographic image analysis (PIA), adsorption experiments and electric conductivity measurements. The PFG–NMR measurements give surface-to-pore volume ratios S/V_p that are comparable to those estimated with the petrographic image analysis. The tortuosities match in most cases data from conductivity measurements, so the PFG–NMR is regarded as an appropriate tool to determine this quantity. The results are not influenced by the adherence of ‘scout-molecules’ to the pore walls. The surface-to-pore volume ratios and tortuosities were used to calculate permeabilities of the systems of interest, which were in good agreement with measured core-plug permeabilities. Results of additional NMR relaxation experiments are used to obtain adsorption isotherms for cations at active surface sites.     

International Rivers as Boundaries

Abstract

International rivers serve a number of purposes, the most obvious are the navigational and non-navigational uses. Less noticed is the fact that international rivers are also used to delimit boundaries between nations. The immediate question that would arise is: Where are such boundaries actually drawn across the river? Boundaries, however, are established by treaties and the answer to this question is often included in the interpretation of treaties delimiting such water boundaries, taking into account the special characteristics of the international river. Indeed, this has been the case regarding the boundaries across the Chobe river between Botswana and Namibia. Determining where such boundaries lie would result in deciding to whom a disputed Island, the Kasikili/Sedudu, belongs. In a praiseworthy step, the two countries agreed to take their dispute over the Island, after failure to resolve it through negotiations, to the International Court of Justice. This paper discusses the uses of international rivers as boundaries, and reviews the dispute between Botswana and Namibia, and the decision of the Court thereon.     

德国疗养地(Kurort)与疗养公园 (Kurpark)：形成、发展、空间模式与 景观设计特点

德国疗养地具有典型性的公共绿地类型:疗养公园(德文:Kurpark;英文:spapark),从德国疗养地的历史出发,对疗养地与疗养公园的形成和发展阶段进行论述。选择德国40处疗养地的疗养公园作为研究对象,结合地图与文献资料,通过应用制图方法和数据分析方法就公园与城镇、公园与疗养功能建筑的空间关系分别进行分析并归纳总结其特征,公园-城镇空间共有3种模式即城镇边界型、城镇内部型与城镇近郊型,以边界型最常见;公园-疗养建筑的空间模式以建筑分布于公园外侧为主,建筑按照功能可细分为医疗类、娱乐休憩类与住宿类。采用案例分析法,以典型的克奈普疗养地——巴特沃利斯霍芬的疗养公园为例,探讨其景观设计要点,包括重视自然要素、步行空间体系建设、植物专类园设计及疗愈设施建设。最后总结德国疗养公园的建设经验对于当前中国小城镇建设及"康养小镇"在规划设计方面具有的借鉴意义。     

赴德国用氯安全考察报告

叙述了德国3家涉氯工厂用氯安全实地考察情况,重点介绍了欧州用氯安全规定与国内的不同,对我国氯碱和涉氯行业用氯安全改善提出了一些建设性意见.     

德国绿色医院建筑节能更新模式探析

医院建筑作为最复杂的民用建筑之一,能耗非常巨大,建筑节能变得尤为重要。本文结合一次研讨活动的内容和考察实例,介绍德国绿色医院建筑节能更新的背景和目的,对四种常见模式进行粗浅的探析,并介绍了德国政府机构在绿色医院建筑节能方面的政策及资金支持,以及研究机构和能源管理公司的技术产业支持等内容,以供我国的医院建筑设计同行参考。     

Ecological tax reform in Germany: handling two hot potatoes at the same time

Combining environmental with employment objectives, ecological tax reform (ETR) envisages a double dividend. While research has mainly focused on the socio-economic and environmental impacts of ETR, there is less literature on the social responses. This paper gives an overview and history of German ETR as well as investigating the understanding of perceptions and attitudes towards ETR of those being “subject to tax”. The research is based on qualitative social research methods. As with the other PETRAS papers, interviews were conducted with policy-makers and business leaders and focus groups were formed with lay persons. The results show that responses of policy-makers and business leaders are modest. Although some criticisms about the specific design of the German ETR remain, complaints towards ETR are settled. Attitudes appear influenced by more fundamental convictions such as economic interest or altruistic views. In contrast, ETR appears to politicise common people. Attitudes are influenced by the overall comprehension of the ETR concept, the expected impacts, perceived information deficits, as well as a general distrust in politics. Our data show that the linking of environmental and employment objectives is not understood and not welcomed. In order to increase social acceptance, the paper discusses refocusing ETR on environmental objectives, modestly increasing the share of ETR revenue spent for environmental purposes, removing inconsistencies in the ETR design, and improving information policy.     

The Native Plant Enthusiasm: ecological panacea or xenophobia?

The enthusiasm for the use of so-called native plants and the rejection of so-called exotic plants in 20th-century garden and landscape design is explored. The underlying ideas and ideology are discussed using examples in Germany, particularly from the time of National Socialism, and the United States.