从西化到中国民族建筑形式——以广州为例试论近代官方建筑两种发展趋势的历史成因

中国近代历史时期,由政府投资的官方建筑经历了从清末至民初的全盘西化到20-30年代走向中国民族建筑形式两种截然不同的发展趋势。本文以广州近代官方建筑活动为例,结合近代中国社会历史背景及广州的具体社会环境分析这一特殊历史阶段影响官方建筑发展的各种社会因素,以期深入理解近代中国特殊时代背景下产生的特殊建筑现象。     

博物馆:一种新型休闲生活方式的设计

博物馆起源于收藏,从诞生之日起就与休闲有着密不可分的联系。然而,在我国,长久以来,博物馆一直是人们心目中神圣的文化殿堂和教育场所,与休闲无关,相应地,博物馆的设计也一向庄重肃穆。本文在梳理博物馆的发展、演变的基础上,指出在"休闲时代"即将来临的今天,我国博物馆未来的设计趋势应着眼于新型休闲生活方式的设计,并试图提出若干博物馆设计的休闲策略。     

自动化变形监测技术发展与在广州地铁中的应用

自动化监测系统的主要功能是采集、交换、处理和反馈数据,整体系统由现场采集系统、主控计算机系统以及应用终端系统三部分组成,基本工作原理是利用安装或者埋设在结构上的传感器测量有关的物理量,通过数据采集装置组成现场采集网络按照设定的方式自动采集上述传感器测量的数据,再通过通讯设备将所得到的数据远程传输到管理控制中心,中心根据数据分析计算、评估安全情况.广州地铁建设与运营过程中,自动化变形监测技术应用于实时监测地铁结构的变形情况,保障了地铁建设与运营的正常进行.     

城中村改造的政策及实施评价研究——以广州为例

城中村形成、发展的过程,是一种具有中国特色的城镇化过程,是一种"城—乡"相互融合的渐进式演进过程。文章以回顾的视角,分析了广州城中村形成、发展的社会经济背景,重新审视广州城中村的演进历程及基本类型,以此作为理解城中村改造政策的基础;之后,系统梳理了广州城中村改造政策,并对其实施效果进行客观评价;最后,对城中村改造政策提出了相应的建议。     

广州抽水蓄能电站下库坝扬压力监测资料分析

为了解广州蓄能水电厂下库坝的实际运行情况,对广州抽水蓄能电站下库坝扬压力纵横段面测点在2004~2006年间的观测资料进行了对比分析,同时利用统计模型分析了扬压力的影响因素。结果表明,广州抽水蓄能电站下库坝纵横断面的扬压力分布基本符合客观规律,帷幕及排水措施发挥的效果基本良好;扬压力主要受库水位影响较大,其他因素影响较小。     

广州市城区短历时暴雨特征分析

气候变暖导致极端降雨频发,研究短历时暴雨的变化规律可为广州市内涝防治提供科学依据。选取中大站1984~2010年最大1 h降雨量资料,通过趋势线、滑动平均法、累积距平曲线、Mann Kendall趋势检验法、小波分析等方法对广州市年最大1 h降雨序列和暴雨次数进行统计分析。结果表明,广州市年最大1 h降雨量呈现周期性变化,进入21世纪后波动减弱,且稳定在较大的范围内;大于20、30、40 mm的1 h暴雨次数均呈现出不同程度的增大趋势,其中大于30 mm的次数增加显著。     

儿童虚拟体验馆设计方法探析

"儿童虚拟体验馆"以数字媒体技术及艺术为基础,是一个供儿童亲近科技、理解科技、体验科技、享受科技的创意平台,其建设目前在国内尚无可供参照的实例。本文围绕"如何将其复杂的出身折衷为的可供理解和接受的文化价值?如何使这一展馆模式具有商业的可复制性?"这两个问题展开讨论,提出两个相应的解决路径:其一,以构建一个藉"体验性"为特征的儿童社会公共活动平台为终极价值;其二,以从展品形式到展馆建筑为一体的"模块化设计"作为展馆复制模式的基本思路。     

The Changing Contexts of Chinese-Nigerian Textile Production and Trade, 1900‒2015

Abstract

Since the mid-1990s, China has become the leading exporter worldwide of manufactured textiles and clothing. For Nigeria, one of China’s major trading partners in Africa, increased imports of Chinese textiles are related to the decline of the Nigerian textile manufacturing industry. It also reflects the opening up of China to foreign investment and the subsequent boom in manufactured textile exports and to changes in World Trade Organization textile agreements. This paper examines these changes in textile manufacture and trade, focusing first on twentieth-century Chinese and Nigerian textile manufacturing histories and their subsequent divergence, beginning in the 1980s and continuing into the early twenty-first century. The increase in Chinese-Nigerian textile trade became physically evident in Nigeria in the late 1990s, with Chinese textile companies setting up offices in Lagos and Kano, and Nigerian traders and businessmen setting up offices in Guangzhou, China. The question of how increased shipments of Chinese manufactured textiles have been organized by Chinese company representatives, brokers, and traders, as well as by Nigerian traders and businessmen to meet Nigerian consumer demand is then addressed. Finally, this growth in textile trade is considered in the context of Chinese-Nigerian plans for the building of a Free Trade Zone in Lagos, which would include the construction of a new textile mill. The paper concludes by considering whether this collaboration may lead to a revival of the Nigerian textile industry.     

Spatial Computing for the New Organic

In the last few years, parametric design has predominated in architectural research and practice. Christian Derix and Åsmund Izaki of the Computational Design and Research (CDR) group at Aedas|R&D explain how the research and design unit, based at Aedas in London, has pursued an alternative course by shifting the focus to behavioural and perceptive occupant simulation of spatial configurations. A human-centric approach, it draws its inspiration from earlier British pioneers in spatial computation, as well as the designers of the Organic Architecture movement of the early 20th century.     

The Ebb and Flow of Digital Innovation: From Form Making to Form Finding - and Beyond

Architectural historian and theorist Mario Carpo examines the status quo of digital innovation. Whereas the espousal of animation software in the 1990s placed architects conspicuously at the forefront of new technologies as early adopters and adapters, in the new millennium they have less enthusiastically embraced the participatory opportunities of Web 2.0 and open-source modes of working. Could the desire for single authorship be holding designers back?