THE DIPLOMACY OF SECURITY: BEHIND THE NEGOTIATIONS OF ARTICLE 18 OF THE SINO-AMERICAN COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT

In early February, 1942, Commander M. E. Miles proposed the establishment of a radio intelligence unit in China. His proposal led to the creation of Naval Group China (NGC), the umbrella organization for units that performed weather forecasting, advised and trained Chinese guerillas, and intercepted and analyzed Japanese radio traffic. NGC was part of the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO). Most of the commitments of China and NGC were formalized on 15 April 1943 with the signing of the Sino-American Cooperative Agreement (SACO). Article 18 required further delicate negotiations between Miles and General Tai Li, head of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (China's secret service). Miles was soon trapped between his commitment to Tai Li and Joseph Wenger's concern that any intercepted traffic shared with the Chinese would quickly become available to the Japanese via insecure Chinese codes. Fleet Radio Unit, China (FRUCHI) resolved this dilemma.     

自存工况下自升式平台关键结构强度分析

针对一艘独立三桩腿的齿轮齿条式自升式钻井平台,利用ANSYS软件分析了自存工况下,在风浪流等综合载荷作用下的钻井平台整体关键结构强度和平台桩腿稳定性,为平台的安全使用和升级改造提供了理论依据。     

Evolution of Extractive Composition During Thermal Treatment of Jack Pine

Abstract

The thermal treatment of wood has many benefits such as better dimensional stability and attractive dark color and does not use toxic chemicals. The resistance against biological decay can be improved when wood is not in contact with ground. On the other hand, after thermal transformation, wood becomes more fragile. The changes of the wood properties are related to the modification of the wood composition. During the thermal treatment, the evaporation of the moisture content is not the only event. Volatile extractives are evacuated from the wood, while new products and by-products of different chemical reactions appear. The comparison of the extracts obtained from untreated and treated wood can help to identify thermo-chemical reactions, taking place during the heat treatment. This article presents the analysis by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of polar and non-polar extracts of untreated and heat-treated North American Jack pine (Pinus banksiana). The study of the impact of maximum heat treatment temperature on the composition of the Jack pine extracts showed that the major part of extractives leaves the wood under 200°C whereas most of the new products appear only above 200°C. While the extractives of the untreated Jack pine are dominated by non-polar components, the thermo-transformation seems to generate mainly polar compounds. However, presence of water vapor increases the portion of polar extractives in wood. Interestingly, an important decrease of concentration of phenolic compounds (such as pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, and pinobanksin) in Jack pine wood was observed between 160–200°C. On the other hand, 4-hydroxy-methylfurfural and vanillin have been identified as compounds generated by the heat treatment above 200°C. The identification of other by-products will be presented in a later paper.     

Awards for distinguished professional contributions.

Since 1979, the Board of Professional Affairs has presented Awards for Distinguished Professional Contributions to individual members of the Association whose work has served to advance psychology as a profession in the areas of knowledge, professional practice, and public service. These awards are intended to reflect the diversity of roles and activities in which professional psychologists are engaged. Recipients of the 1997 awards are as follows: for "Distinguished Professional Contributions to Knowledge," Samuel M. Turner and John E. Exner, Jr.; for "Distinguished Contributions to Applied Psychology as a Professional Practice," Jack G. Wiggins, Jr.; and for "Distinguished Professional Contributions to Public Service," Gary B. Mesibov. The citations, biographies, and selected bibliographies of the awardees are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

铁路货车用SMC票插的研制

铁路金属票插由于其质重、受外力易碎、外观差等缺点已逐渐被不饱和聚酯基SMC复合材料票插取代。本文研究了SMC体系配方和工艺、票插成型工艺及参数，并对其机械性能进行测试，以及与铸铁材料票插进行室温和低温（-500℃）抗冲击性能试验对比。测试数据表明，利用不饱和聚酯SMC复合材料制造票插具有比强度高、减轻重量、颜色可调、外形美观等特点，符合设计和使用要求。     

Optimization of an alkaline peroxide interstage treatment of jack pine (Pinus banksiana lamb.) using a D-optimal design

For many decades, the utilization of jack pine in the pulp and paper industry has attracted considerable interest but without any major breakthrough. However, in the past few years the emergence of new technologies has provided hope for its potential use. One of these technologies consists in the addition of hydrogen peroxide within the thermomechanical pulping process. To study the influence of numerous process parameters on the interstage treatment of jack pine and to optimize this complex process, a D-optimal experimental design was conducted. A total of 7 variables were considered. It was found that to maximize the properties of the fibres and the resulting paper, a temperature of 115°C with a narrow plate gap at the first refining stage and a high consistency at the second stage had to prevail. A sodium hydroxide treatment radically improved the fibre bonding properties without affecting the tear strength but at the expense of a loss of 4,6 points in ISO brightness. Validation trials allow to draw some conclusions on the advantages and shortcomings of this type of experimental design. This design is efficient, provided sufficient information is available to target likely interactions. Otherwise, a screening design would be required thus increasing the total cost of the study.     

The Photography of Roman Freulich from Poland to Hollywood

Professional contributions and technical innovations of photographer Roman Freulich to the Hollywood film industry are contextualised regarding the heritage of his life experiences in Czenstochowa, Poland, New York and Los Angeles. The remarkable output of Freulich's independent work, consisting of film projects that ventured far beyond the relative professional shelter provided by his popular glamour shots, emerges in the present study. Freulich sought to give voice to the voiceless as evidenced in his self-produced film Broken Earth (1936) – the first film to feature a black actor in a starring role – as well as his collaborations with the actor Paul Robeson. Freulich's immigration to America and the loss of his family members who remained in Poland are two legacies that distinguished Freulich from his fellow cameramen. Freulich both achieved a fruitful Hollywood career as a photographer of contract players – aided by his early use of the 35 mm camera – and authored a narrative of Joseph Trumpeldor, founder of the Jewish Legion. A survivor of the Holocaust, Freulich did more than preserve these dual identities; his lasting achievement lies in the incorporation of a veteran's sensitivity toward war in cinematic works that expanded early principles of still and moving image photography. Perspective by Freulich's family members is presented in original form, illuminating chronological events in the life of a pioneering photographer, writer and soldier.     

基于人机工程学的牙科椅舒适度改善研究

为了提高牙科就诊患者在牙科椅上就诊的舒适度,本文以牙科椅为研究对象,以人机工程学为理论依据,运用仿真软件Jack,建立数字人模型,对牙科椅进行建模与仿真。对牙科椅座面、靠背、头托、扶手等主要部件尺寸及患者舒适度进行仿真分析,并在此基础上提出改善方案。结果表明：通过对牙科椅基本尺寸的重新设计,可以建立更加适合我国就诊患者身材尺寸的牙科椅模型,提升患者就诊舒适度。     

Application of a transformational software development methodology to VLSI design

Like software development, VLSI design can be modeled as a series of transformations leading from a high-level formal specification to a concrete implementation. Automating such transformations offers a way to improve the correctness of the design process while reducing its cost. This paper addresses the portion of the design process that converts abstract algorithms into functional-level circuits (collections of primitive computational elements and their interconnections). By defining an isomorphism between such circuits and a restricted subset of programs, we can use source-to-source program transformations to map algorithms into circuits. The paper presents example transformations for allocating operations to components, making communication paths explicit, and designing sequential control mechanisms. A prototype implementation has successfully rederived much of the design of a published VLSI graphics display processor.