霉克和尼萨普林在巴氏灭菌海参制品中的应用

霉克主要成分是纳他霉素（Natamicin），对霉菌和酵母菌有抑菌作用。尼萨普林（Nisaplin）是乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）与氯化钠等成分的混合制剂。乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）是一种由34个氨基酸组成的天然抗菌素，对革兰氏阳性菌具有抑菌作用。本文介绍了上述两种防腐剂在海参保藏上的应用。     

Development of spoilage microbiota in beef stored in nisin activated packaging

The aim of this study was to assess the microbial populations causing the spoilage of chilled beef during storage and to evaluate the effect of the use of an antimicrobial packaging for the meat storage. A nisin activated antimicrobial packaging was developed by using a nisin, HCL and EDTA solution and used for the storage of beef cuts at 1 °C. The common spoilage related microbial groups were monitored during the storage of beef in activated and non activated plastic bags by using selective media. The use of the antimicrobial packaging caused an overall significant reduction of viable counts of Gram positive bacteria such as carnobacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Brochotrix thermosphacta whose development was inhibited for at least 11 days of storage compared to the control. Moreover, a 1–3 log cycles reduction of enterobacteria was also registered between 22 and 32 days of storage. The microbiota was assessed at species level by using Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene of DNA extracted directly from meat and from bulk cells from selective media plates and showed that the species occurring within the targeted microbial groups did not change according to storage conditions. In conclusion, the use of the nisin activated packaging reduced the number of spoilage populations but did not affect the species diversity. Improved antimicrobial packaging is needed, possibly coupled with vacuum storage, to possibly achieve a simultaneous inhibition of more spoilage microbial groups and to preserve the microbiological quality of beef during chilled storage.     

复合添加剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果研究

采用混料设计法对复合防腐剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用进行回归分析得出:乳酸链球菌素(Nisin),壳聚糖(chitosan),迷迭香提取物(rosemary extract)三种防腐剂两两之间都存在着显著的增效作用.同时得出三者的最佳配方为:Nisin的添加水平为0.015％、壳聚糖为0.055％、迷迭香提取物为0.0...     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液保鲜冷却猪肉的效果研究

实验研究了解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液对冷却肉的防腐保鲜效果,对冷却肉的微生物、感官品质和理化指标3个方面进行了检测.结果显示,解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液处理组可将冷却肉的保质期延长6d～9d,而且效果优于Nisin.解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液对冷却肉中主要污染菌-假单胞菌和潜在致病菌-单增李斯特菌有较好的抑制效果.解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液作为冷却肉的生物防腐剂,具有广阔的应用前景.     

酱鸭保鲜技术的研究

利用乳酸钠和乳酸链球菌素在肉制品保鲜中的协同作用,将乳酸钠和乳酸链球菌素结合真空包装、低温杀菌技术应用于酱鸭保鲜。实验结果表明,乳酸钠和乳酸链球菌素对酱鸭均具有明显的保鲜效果,且以乳酸钠30g／kg和乳酸链球菌素0.20g/kg为最佳配比,可使酱鸭在常温(20~25℃)下,保质期达到30d。     

Outgrowth inhibition of Clostridium beijerinckii spores by a bacteriocin-producing lactic culture in ovine milk cheese

In the manufacture of model cheeses, ovine milk was deliberately contaminated with spores of Clostridium beijerinckii INIA 63, a wild isolate from Manchego cheese with late blowing defect, and inoculated with nisin- and lacticin 481-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis INIA 415 as starter, to test its potential to prevent the late blowing defect, or with L. lactis subsp. lactis INIA 415-2, a spontaneous mutant not producing bacteriocins. Cheeses made individually with the lactococcal strains, without clostridial spores, served as controls. Cheese made with clostridial spores and L. lactis subsp. lactis INIA 415-2 showed late blowing defect after 120 days of ripening. Spoilt cheese also showed lower concentrations of lactic acid, and higher levels of acetic, propionic and butyric acids, and of other volatile compounds such as 2-propanol and 1-butanol, than control cheese. In addition, cheese made with the bacteriocin producer did not show any late blowing symptoms, despite its spore counts similar to those of blown cheese, pointing to outgrowth inhibition of C. beijerinckii spores by bacteriocins. Besides, cheese made with the bacteriocin producer showed similar concentrations of lactic acid and volatile compounds than control cheese. Inclusion of L. lactis subsp. lactis INIA 415 in starter cultures seems a feasible method to prevent late blowing defect in cheese without altering its sensory characteristics.     

Effect of nanovesicle-encapsulated nisin on growth of Listeria monocytogenes in milk

Commercial nisin was encapsulated in nanovesicles (mean diameter 140 nm) prepared from partially purified soy lecithin. Nisin-loaded liposomes and unencapsulated (free) nisin were initially tested in BHI medium and skim milk inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and incubated for 48 h at 30 °C. At such abuse temperature conditions, free nisin showed better inhibitory than the liposomal counterparts. Subsequently, the effect of encapsulated or free nisin was evaluated in combination with refrigeration (7 ± 1 °C) in both whole (3.25% fat) and skim (0% fat) milk for up to 14 day. A decrease of 3–4 log cycles in L. monocytogenes counts was observed for free and encapsulated nisin at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. Liposome encapsulation of antimicrobial peptides may be important to overcome stability issues and interaction with food components. The utilization of nanovesicle-encapsulated nisin in combination with low temperatures appeared to be effective to control L. monocytogenes in milk, emphasizing the importance of hurdle technology to assure food safety.     

冷却猪肉中复合保鲜剂配比优化研究

按照五因子二次旋转正交组合设计方案,确定了Nisin、纳他霉素、溶菌酶、茶多酚和壳聚糖复合保鲜冷却猪肉的交互作用,获得最佳配比。结果表明:5种保鲜剂的抑菌效果依次为溶菌酶>壳聚糖>茶多酚>Nisin>纳他霉素;溶菌酶与Nisin、溶菌酶与壳聚糖间存在显著交互效应(P<0.05);浸泡用复合保鲜剂的最佳配比为Nisin0.10%、纳他霉素0.13%、溶菌酶0.20%、茶多酚1.8%、壳聚糖1.8%。     

乳链菌肽(Nisin)发酵培养基的优化

以从新鲜牛奶中筛选出的乳酸链球菌KY-2为出发菌株,采用二剂量法检测发酵液中Nisin效价,通过单因子试验和正交设计对该菌株产Nisin发酵培养基进行优化.结果表明:该茵株产Nisin的最适碳源、氮源和磷源组合为(%):蔗糖0.8,蛋白胨2.0,酵母膏1.0,K2HPO4 0.9.优化后效价为957.95 IU/mL,比优化前(812.11 IU/mL)提高了18.0%.