Preparation and textile application of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)/n-octadecane and n-eicosane microcapsules

In this study, a series of microencapsulated phase change materials with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) P(MMA-co-MAA) shell and n-octadecane or n-eicosane core were synthesized by emulsion polymerization method. The aim was to produce microencapsulated n-alkanes having functional groups on their outer surface, so that functional groups would help increasing physical interactions between microcapsules and fiber surface. Therefore, methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycoldimethacrylate (EGDM), and methacrylic acid (MAA) were copolymerized in oil phase of n-alkane. FT-IR results proved the successful synthesis of P(MMA-co-MAA) shell of microencapsulated n-alkanes. The DSC results indicated that the microencapsulated n-alkanes have considerable latent heat storage capacity in a range of 58–145 J/g. The average melting and freezing temperatures of the microencapsulated n-alkanes were measured as 27 and 26 °C for n-octadecane and 36 and 35 °C for n-eicosane, respectively. The microcapsules were of spherical and compact shape with particle sizes between 15 and 32 μm. The microcapsules on the cotton fabric applied by pad-dry-cure method were found highly durable and they showed sufficient stability upon several washings and rub fastness. Thermo-regulating properties of the fabrics were declared as a result of thermal history measurements.     

Development of heat storage gypsum board with paraffin-based mixed SSPCM for application to buildings

Latent heat thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is considered to be the method with the most potential to solve the energy shortage problem. In this study, paraffin-based mixed shape-stabilized PCM (SSPCM) (PBMS) was made by vacuum impregnation method. The prepared PBMS was added to gypsum powder as a fine aggregate. In the experiment, the n-hexadecane and n-octadecane was used as the PCM and the materials have latent heat capacities of 254.7 and 247.6 J/g, and melting points of 20.84 and 30.4 °C, respectively. The PBMS was prepared by an impregnation method in a vacuum, following the manufacturing process. The physical and thermal properties of the PBMS gypsum board were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIS), differential scanning calorimetry, enthalpy analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. From the Fourier transform infrared analysis, PBMS could be maintained in the structure of the gypsum board due to its physical rather than chemical bonding. From the specific heat and enthalpy analysis, the PBMS has high enthalpy and thermal inertia property. In addition, the gypsum board with PBMS has high latent heat capacity and high thermal efficiency.     

蒙脱石复合贮热材料的制备

蒙脱石是一种层状硅酸盐矿物。本文利用季铵盐与蒙脱石进行阳离子交换反应合成有机蒙脱石 ,然后 ,采用熔融法制备新戊二醇 (NPG)与蒙脱石的复合贮热材料 ,并用 X射线衍射、IR和 DSC等手段研究了复合材料的结构和性能。     

Microstructure-guided numerical simulations to predict the thermal performance of a hierarchical cement-based composite material

This paper presents a microstructure-guided numerical homogenization technique to predict the effective thermal conductivity of a hierarchical cement-based material containing phase change material (PCM)-impregnated lightweight aggregates (LWA). Porous inclusions such as LWAs embedded in a cementitious matrix are filled with multiple fluid phases including PCM to obtain desirable thermal properties for building and infrastructure applications. Simulations are carried out on realistic three-dimensional microstructures generated using pore structure information. An inverse analysis procedure is used to extract the intrinsic thermal properties of those microstructural components for which data is not available. The homogenized heat flux is predicted for an imposed temperature gradient from which the effective composite thermal conductivity is computed. The simulated effective composite thermal conductivities are found to correlate very well with experimental measurements for a family of LWA-PCM composites considered in the paper. Comparisons with commonly used analytical homogenization models show that the microstructure-guided simulation approach provides superior results for composites exhibiting large property contrast between phases. By linking the microstructure and thermal properties of hierarchical materials, an efficient framework is available for optimizing the material design to improve thermal efficiency of a wide variety of heterogeneous materials.     

相变材料在纺织服装中的应用

从相变材料的概念、调温机理、对人体的作用、当温度转变时的热转移效果几方面综述了相变材料的特性 ,并探讨了相变材料在纺织服装上 ,期望相转变材料在纺织服装上开发成功。     

基于石墨烯气凝胶的定形相变材料储热性能研究

使用石墨烯气凝胶(graphene aerogel,GA)为导热骨架,十六醇作为相变材料,制备出一种用以储热的定形相变材料。利用FITR、XRD、SEM、激光闪光法和DSC等手段对样品的微观形貌、化学结构以关键热物性进行了表征,同时也测试了样品实际吸/放热的速率。结果表明,GA的多孔结构可以有效防止相变材料的泄露。同时,高导热的石墨烯在相变材料中建立起额外的导热通路,使得样品的导热系数提高了20%。重复吸放热50次后发现,样品的融化/凝固焓并没有因为GA的加入明显下降,分别为229.2和229.5kJ/kg。吸/放热温度曲线表明,在以导热为主的传热过程中,拥有更高导热系数的定形相变材料比纯十六醇具有更快的融化/凝固速率。而在自然对流为主的传热过程中,由于GA较强的毛细作用,十六醇的流动性被削弱,定形相变材料的融化/凝固速率低于纯十六醇。     

硬脂醇改性的氧化石墨烯/正十八烷复合相变材料的热物性研究

向正十八烷中加入高导热填充物形成复合相变材料（PCM）,可以很好地提升其导热性能,同时,为了保证符合相变材料的高热导率、分散性和再循环可靠性,利用硬脂醇修饰氧化石墨烯（GO）,形成改性石墨烯（MG）与正十八烷的复合相变材料。分别制备了改性石墨烯质量分数为0、1%、2%、3%、4%（质量）的改性石墨烯/正十八烷复合相变材料,并经过扫描电镜测试、红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热实验及导热分析等测试对其形貌结构及热物性进行表征和研究。实验表明制备的改性石墨烯/正十八烷复合相变材料具有很好的分散性;当纳米石墨烯片的质量分数达到4%时,复合相变材料的热导率相对于纯正十八烷高出了131.9%。     

Al-Si合金的储热性能

对Si含量为10％-13％的Al—Si合金进行了加速氧化、热循环和掺Fe实验,研究了其在不同热循环条件下的相变储热性能和可靠性．结果表明,在空气中经几百h的高温氧化后,氧化率小于0．01％,其影响可以忽略不计．经过0,4,23,60,100,200,300,400,500,600,700次熔化-凝固循环后,相变温度的变化为3．8-11．8℃,相变潜热从484．86kJ／kg下降到432．62kJ／kg．当Al—Si合金的掺铁量为0．5％时,相变潜热下降6．5％;对于缓冷的储能过程,偏析较小并在循环多次后趋于缓和和稳定．Al—Si合金成份和结构的变化对材料的储热性能影响较小,在长期的热循环过程中有良好和稳定的储热性能．     

石蜡熔化蓄热的实验研究

石蜡是一种常见的相变材料,文章对石蜡的熔化蓄热进行了单管实验研究,并进行了差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,以所得的石蜡的相变温度为基础,研究石蜡在不同温度下的熔化情况,利用Agilent 34970A系统采集实验数据并处理,对其温度场的分布进行了分析比较。实验结果表明,石蜡的熔化是遵循一定规律的,开始阶段通过热传导熔化,等到出现一定液相时出现自然对流,并且加热温度越高,溶解越快,自然对流出现越早。石蜡导热系数比较低,因此应用范围受到了限制,文章为进一步改进石蜡的导热性能、使其得到更为广泛的应用提供了实验基础。     

Study on the supercooling degree and nucleation behavior of water-based graphene oxide nanofluids PCM

This article aimed to study the supercooling degree and nucleation behavior of nanofluids phase change material. The nanofluids were prepared by adding small fraction of graphene oxide nanosheets in deionized water without any dispersants. The supercooling degree of nanofluids with different concentrations was tested experimentally. The results show that the supercooling degree can be reduced by 69.1%, and the nucleation was started in advance, shorting the time by 90.7%. Theoretical analysis based on the heterogeneous nucleation theory indicates that ice crystal nucleus cannot grow on the thickness surface of the graphene oxide nanosheet, while it can grow on the top or bottom surface of the nanosheet only when the supercooling degree ΔT and the nanosheets size D meet the formulaD⋅ΔT≥4.2×10⁻⁸. Our study implies that graphene oxide nanofluids have the potential to be used as PCMs in cold storage applications because of their low supercooling degree and rapid nucleation behavior.