(准)共晶系相变储能材料的研究进展

节能技术的发展是当今非常现实的问题，这些技术的发展方向之一是各行业的热能储存。相变储能材料由于其较大的潜热和恒温性，被广泛应用于潜热储能系统和热管理系统中。然而，单一相变材料的相变温度和潜热比较固定，难以同时满足多种储能应用对各种潜热、相变温度等性质的要求。因此，人们开展了关于二元或多元共晶相变体系的研究。本文介绍了近年来国内外（准）共晶相变储能材料及其复合材料的研究进展，探讨了（准）共晶相变储能材料的理论设计机理，指出了（准）共晶相变储能材料存在的不同问题并提出建议，最后指出了（准）共晶系相变储能材料在实际应用领域的局限，提出未来在寻找新型相变储能材料，建立传热理论模型，对（准）共晶系复合相变储能材料的力学性能、耐老化性能、储能密度低和高温条件下的耐久性差等方面需要进一步探索。     

圆形内肋管蓄冷器采用多介质时的蓄冷分析

提出了圆形内肋管蓄冷器的物理模型,并对其采用单一蓄冷介质和5种蓄冷介质时的蓄冷过程建立数学模型。通过对比分析得出:5种蓄冷介质系统比单一蓄冷介质系统的累积能量和蓄冷速度提高很多。     

Numerical analysis and parameters optimization of shell-and-tube heat storage unit using three phase change materials

In this paper, a mathematical model of shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit of two-dimension of three phase change materials (PCMs) named PCM1, PCM2 and PCM3 with different high melting temperatures (983 K, 823 K and 670 K, respectively) and heat transfer fluid (HTF: air) with flowing resistance and viscous dissipation based on the enthalpy method has been developed. Instantaneous solid–liquid interface positions and liquid fractions of PCMs as well as the effects of inlet temperatures of the air and lengths of the shell-and-tube LHTES unit on melting times of PCMs were numerically analyzed. The results show that melting rates of PCM3 are the fastest and that of PCM1 are the slowest both x, r directions. It is also found that the melting times of PCM1, PCM2 and PCM3 decrease with increase in inlet temperatures of the air. Moreover, with increase in inlet temperatures of the air, decreasing degree of their melting times are different, decreasing degree of the melting time of PCM1 is the biggest and that of PCM3 is the smallest. Considering actual application of solar thermal power, we suggest that the optimum lengths are L₁ = 250 mm, L₂ = 400 mm, L₃ = 550 mm (L = 1200 mm) which corresponds to the same melting times of PCM1, PCM2 and PCM3 are about 3230 s and inlet temperature of the air is about 1200 K. The present analysis provides theoretical guidance for designing optimization of the shell-and-tube LHTES unit with three PCMs for solar thermal power.     

相变材料在纺织服装中的应用

从相变材料的概念、调温机理、对人体的作用、当温度转变时的热转移效果几方面综述了相变材料的特性，并探讨了相变材料在纺织服装上的应用，期望相变材料在纺织服装上开发成功。     

Innovative Production of PCMs （Phase Change Materials） Preparation by Vacuum Impregnation： Thermal Insulation Efficiency

Energy is essential for every human activity for more comfortable life, but it also consumes more natural resources. Fossil fuel is the major energy source for energy consumption, and it also emits a lot of air pollution during usage to atmosphere and not reproductively. Electrical energy is the secondary energy sources from fossil fuel which is used to operate air conditioning system. In order to control human comfort temperature, it is usually required when the temperature differences swing between indoor and outdoor temperatures. PCMs （phase change materials） are the high latent heat materials which can be used in building materials for energy conservation purpose. PCMs can store thermal energy and prevent heat to pass through temperature control areas. Paraffin has been used as PCMs which is absorbed into the pore of fly ash as paraffin/fly-ash composite and mixed into the buildings materials. Paraffin is an organic material with high melting point （-59 ~C） and nonflammable material, therefore, it can be used as the building materials for the function of PCMs for energy saving purposes. Composite PCMs can be prepared by vacuum impregnation process. Paraffin in liquid form will be impregnated into the pore of fly ash by vacuum capillary force to form paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Vacuum impregnation pressures, vacuum times, impregnation times of liquid paraffin in fly ash pores and temperatures for melting the solid paraffin into the liquid form are all affect on the thermal properties of paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Composite PCMs will be selected by the optimum thermal properties with optimum of the production conditions for replace the cement powder in the mortar plate compositions. Cement mortar plate with and without composite PCMs will be tested for the thermal insulation properties by comparison as the real day and night time for 8 h period from spot light turn on and off. Temperature detection on the surface and inside the model building under mortar plate with and without composite PCMs is detected every 1 min. Temperature differences between surface of mortar plate over the model building and inside temperature of model building under mortar plates increase with more composite PCMs contents in mortar plates. Thermal insulation efficiency in the building can be enhanced by the composite PCMs utilization as the composition of the building materials.     

组合相变材料强化固液相变传热可视化实验

采用高清相机和红外热像技术，对组合相变材料融化-凝固循环过程与传热特性开展了可视化实验研究。以填充三种石蜡的相变蓄热腔体为研究对象，追踪了腔体内固液相界面的动态演化过程和温度分布的变化规律。在此基础上，考察了相变材料布置顺序对蓄热腔体热性能的影响，分析了组合相变材料蓄热腔体的相变行为及强化传热特性。结果表明，相变温度较高的相变材料应靠近加热壁面布置；组合相变材料蓄热腔体存在多个固液相界面现象，不同相变材料可同时融化/凝固；与单一相变材料相比，组合相变材料的应用改善了蓄热腔体各单元相变速率的均匀性，提高了平均相变速率；组合相变材料虽然降低了蓄热腔体的显热蓄热量，但减小了温度变化速率，增强了系统的稳定性，并显著增加了潜热蓄热量，有效提高了相变蓄热腔体的总蓄热量。     

相变材料和隔热材料在不同地区建筑中应用效果之比较分析

利用典型气象年逐时数据,讨论了5个热工分区中典型城市的建筑采用外保温或相变材料后,全年室温和采暖空调能耗的变化情况,并分别采用"全年累计满足舒适度小时数"和"单位面积耗电量"作为两种材料在被动式和主动式建筑中应用效果的评价指标,结合"峰谷电价"、采暖或空调运行费用和材料的初投资,对其在不同地区的应用进行了可行性分析。研究发现:外保温随采暖能耗在整个建筑能耗中比例的增大而愈显重要;内墙为相变材料可使被动式建筑夏季具有较好的舒适度,使主动式建筑夏季空调能耗降低,但其成本较高,北京、上海和广州地区投资回收期至少为15a;在仅需考虑采暖需求的哈尔滨地区,相变蓄能式地板采暖系统节能效果较好,投资回收期可控制在5a,但采用外保温比相变材料更具经济性,投资回收期仅为1.5a。     

Study on preparation and thermal properties of binary fatty acid/diatomite shape-stabilized phase change materials

The choice of fatty acids as shape-stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) will increase the feasibilities of PCMs in practical applications due to the low price of the fatty acids. Compounding different fatty acids for each other is an effective way to obtain a PCM with a suitable phase-transition temperature. In this study, a series of binary fatty acids composed by capric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid for each other were prepared using the phase diagram thermal dynamics calculation method. Then these binary fatty acids are absorbed in four kinds of diatomites with different specific areas, which act as a supporting material, to prepare shape-stabilized PCMs. The prepared shape-stabilized PCMs are characterized by the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis method. The results show that there is an optimum absorption ratio between binary fatty acids and the diatomite. The latent heat of capric-lauric acid/diatomite decreases to 57% of that of capric-lauric acid, and the phase-transition temperature rises from 16.36 to 16.74 °C when the capric-lauric acid is absorbed in the diatomite. The prepared capric-lauric acid/diatomite composite PCM has proper melting temperatures and latent heat for thermal energy storage application in buildings.     

Preparation and characterization of flame retardant form-stable phase change materials composed by EPDM,paraffin and nano magnesium hydroxide

Paraffin, one of the important thermal energy storage materials, possesses various desirable characteristics (e.g. high heat of fusion, variable phase change temperature, self-nucleating, no phase segregation and low cost), but has low thermal stability and is flammable. In the current study, form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) based on EPDM (supported material), paraffin (dispersed phase change material), nano structured magnesium hydroxide (nano-MH) and red phosphorus (RP) with various compositions were prepared. The self-synthesized nano-MH has a kind of lamellar structure with good dispersal as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The constructional morphology, thermal stability, latent heat and flame retardant properties of as-prepared form-stable PCM blends were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and limited oxygen index (LOI) tester, respectively. The SEM and DSC results show that addition of nano-MH and RP has no apparent negative effect on EPDM/paraffin three dimensional netted structures and latent heat. The TGA curves indicate that inducing the nano-MH into the form-stable PCM blends leads to the reinforcement of thermal stability, increasing the amount of char residuals at 700 °C thereby improving the flame retarding performance.     

蓄能采暖地板用相变材料TH29热特性的实验研究

在地板采暖中使用相变蓄能材料不仅可以实现舒适供热的要求，还可以很好的起到节能和调节能量分配的作用。对一种符合地板采暖的水合盐类相变材料TH29的热特性进行实验研究，测试TH29的蓄放热特性、循环熔冻的热稳定性；分析了自然冷却与受迫冷却两种冷却凝固方式下的材料温度的变化曲线、材料中不同位置处相变过程的滞后现象；实验结果得出，在本实验条件下，TH29经相当数量的溶化与凝固循环后，相变的可逆性较好，可以保持热特性的稳定。