Influence of 2-D nanofillers on the thermal conductivity of composite PCMs

为了探究两种不同二维纳米填料对复合相变材料导热系数的影响,分别制备了以石墨烯纳米片和六方氮化硼纳米片为填料的石蜡基复合相变材料.采用瞬态平面热源法在20 ℃时测量了不同添加量下复合相变材料的导热系数.结果显示,石蜡基复合相变材料的导热系数随纳米填料添加量近似线性增长;六方氮化硼纳米片对复合相变材料导热系数的提升远低于石墨烯纳米片.此外,利用基于有效介质模型的预测公式与试验值进行了比较,计算发现形状,大小和导热系数相近的两种纳米材料,六方氮化硼纳米片的界面热阻却高出石墨烯纳米片两个数量级,是后者具有更显著强化效果的原因之一.     

相变材料复合恒温构件平面磨床热变形控制技术的研究

文中研究了相变材料复合恒温构件在ＭＫ７１６３平面磨床热变形控制技术中的应用,在分析相变传热的基础上,讨论了包含相变过程的二维传热特性,并推导了其传热过程的泛函表达式;利用有限元法计算复合相变材料恒温构件机床立柱及磨头箱体的温度场和热位移值,并将之与实测值比较,二者基本吻合。实验结果对热变形控制具有重要的参考价值     

NC机床恒温立柱模型的建立及热模态实验研究

利用相变材料固—液相变、液—固相变吸收或释放相变潜热而自身温度保持恒定的特性,将其引入精密机床热位移控制领域,建立起精密机床恒温部件传热模型;研究了相变材料复合恒温构件在机床热变形控制技术中的应用,在分析相变传热的基础上,讨论了包含相变过程二维传热特性,并推导了其传热过程的泛函表达式;利用有限元法计算复合相变材料恒温构件机床立柱的温度场和热位移值,并将之与实测值比较,二者基本吻合。实验结果表明相变材料复合恒温构件在减小精密机床部件的热位移方面效果明显,为机床热位移控制开辟了新思路,具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。     

掺杂钨VO2微胶囊智能控温包装纸的制备及性能

为了改善传统型隔热控温材料在控温性及防水性等方面存在的不足,以及不能精确控制温度范围而用于化学药品、精密仪器等物品保护的缺陷。以水性丙烯酸树脂为主要成膜物,掺杂钨二氧化钒微胶囊(PCMs/WVO_2)为填料,辅以流平剂、防水剂等制备出PCMs/W-VO_2智能控温水性涂料,涂布于白卡纸,制成PCMs/W-VO_2智能控温包装纸,通过SEM、FTIR、EDS、DSC对样品形貌、结构、相变性能进行了分析,并测试了其隔热温差、接触角及机械性能。结果表明:制得的包装纸相变温度为45℃,包装原纸近红外透射率为78%,而智能控温包装纸的透射率只有46%,隔热温差可达10.7℃,具有优异的隔热控温性能;EDS结果表明,智能控温包装纸表面含有PCMs/W-VO_2微胶囊和适量防水剂;SEM结果表明,微胶囊均匀分布在纸页表面,接触角明显增大,说明纸页具有较好的疏水性;纸页物理性能有所提高,考虑到涂料成本,其抗张指数和撕裂指数的最佳值分别为6.84 kN/m和22.69 (mN·m~2)/g。     

Preparation and properties of novel ceramic composites based on microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) with high thermal stability

Ceramic composites are widely used in medium/high temperature thermal energy storage (TES) and catalysis. Due to the high latent heat of phase change materials (PCMs), it is an effective method to improve the TES capacity by combining PCMs with ceramic materials. However, PCMs are easy to leak after being heated, so they need to be microencapsulated. Furthermore, for porous ceramic catalytic composites, the leakage of PCMs will block the pores, which seriously hinders their application. In this paper, a novel microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) with thermal expansion void was prepared using “double-layer coating, sacrificing inner layer” method. Based on that, two kinds of ceramic composites have been prepared. One is a TES material which composed of alumina, glass frit (GF) and MEPCMs. Thermal analysis results showed that the composite can still maintain stable heat storage performance after 200 melting-solidification cycles with little latent heat loss. Another is a multifunctional porous composite phase change material (CPCM) by loading Ce and Mn as catalyst via solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method, which can be used in low temperature SCR catalysis and other catalytic fields (100–300 °C). Based on MEPCMs with thermal expansion void, the two ceramic composites show great potential in energy storage and catalysis.     

Thermal behavior of lithium batteries used in electric vehicles using phase change materials

Electric vehicles equipped with lithium-ion batteries face a huge challenge, and the fact that battery life is very much affected by the temperature conditions of their operating environment, the heat reduces battery life cycle and time and increases the likelihood of thermal degradation and explosion. This problem has forced engineers to cool the battery. The methods used to cool the battery includes a cool water method (passing water or a dielectric fluid from the battery pack), cooling air (blowing air into the battery compartment by the fan), using a refrigeration system (such as cooling screens), and the use of phase-change material (PCM). In this research after reviewing and referring to valid authorities, it was found that PCMs are superior to all three other cooling systems because the air-conditioning system is not very desirable due to the high-temperature gradient between the battery cells. Also, cooling and refrigeration systems with refrigerant gases will also cost a very high cost on the electric car. The results of the studies showed that the cooling the battery using the PCM creates a similar temperature profile between the batteries in the battery pack, the temperature gradient is much smaller than the air cooler and cool water, and the final cost will be much lower. Also, it performs more efficiently in high-speed road dynamics and increases the battery life of an electric car or electric hybrid.     

Exergy analysis of two phase change materials storage system for solar thermal power with finite-time thermodynamics

A mathematical model for the overall exergetic efficiency of two phase change materials named PCM1 and PCM2 storage system with a concentrating collector for solar thermal power based on finite-time thermodynamics is developed. The model takes into consideration the effects of melting temperatures and number of heat transfer unit of PCM1 and PCM2 on the overall exergetic efficiency. The analysis is based on a lumped model for the PCMs which assumes that a PCM is a thermal reservoir with a constant temperature of its melting point and a distributed model for the air which assumes that the temperature of the air varies in its flow path. The results show that the overall exergetic efficiency can be improved by 19.0-53.8% using two PCMs compared with a single PCM. It is found that melting temperatures of PCM1 and PCM2 have different influences on the overall exergetic efficiency, and the overall exergetic efficiency decreases with increasing the melting temperature of PCM1, increases with increasing the melting temperature of PCM2. It is also found that for PCM1, increasing its number of heat transfer unit can increase the overall exergetic efficiency, however, for PCM2, only when the melting temperature of PCM1 is less than 1150 K and the melting temperature of PCM2 is more than 750 K, increasing the number of heat transfer unit of PCM2 can increase the overall exergetic efficiency. Considering actual application of solar thermal power, we suggest that the optimum melting temperature range of PCM1 is 1000-1150 K and that of PCM2 is 750-900 K. The present analysis provides theoretical guidance for applications of two PCMs storage system for solar thermal power.     

Ag-coated polyurethane fibers membranes absorbed with quinary fatty acid eutectics solid-liquid phase change materials for storage and retrieval of thermal energy

The novel quinary fatty acid eutectic (CA-LA-MA-PA-SA) of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid was successfully prepared with the mass ratio of 61.09/24.61/8.13/4.01/2.16. Thereafter, the innovative Ag-coated polyurethane (PU) fibers membranes with different concentrations of Ag, which were selected as a supporting material to adsorb the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA eutectics, were successfully fabricated through electrospinning followed by magnetron sputter. The energy dispersive X-ray confirmed that Ag nanoclusters were successfully deposited on the surface of PU fibers as a result of sputter coating. The observations of atomic force microscope indicated that the surface roughness of the PU fibers significantly increased with increase in coating time. The scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA eutectics were uniformly distributed into the three-dimensional porous structures of uncoated and Ag-coated PU fibers membranes. Furthermore, the differential scanning calorimeter curves suggested that the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA/PU/Ag composites phase change materials (PCMs) possessed melting enthalpies about 110 kJ/kg and melting temperature around 17 °C. The absorption ratios of the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA eutectic in composite PCMs was approximately at 73.74%–83.18%. The investigation on thermal performance indicated that we achieved higher melting and freezing rates of the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA/PU/Ag composites PCMs by increasing coating time. In addition to this, after depositing Ag nanoparticles the melting and freezing times of composites PCMs were shortened to about 21%–65%.     

相变蓄热材料及其在低能耗建筑中的应用

介绍了我国建筑能耗的现状以及相变材料的分类、特性、选择方法和新发展。分析了相变材料在低能耗建筑中的应用现状及其存在的问题和研究的热点方向。最后指出相变材料在建筑中的应用是未来实现建筑节能的重要途径之一。     

The novel use of phase change materials in refrigeration plant. Part 2: Dynamic simulation model for the combined system

A dynamic mathematical model for coupling the refrigeration system and PCMs has been developed in this paper. Overall the model consists of the following basic components: a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator cooler and a PCM heat exchanger. The model developed here, is based on a lumped-parameter method. The condenser and evaporator were treated as storage tanks at different states, which have a superheat region, a two-phase region and a sub-cooled region. In the single-phase region the parameters are considered homogeneous whereas in the two-phase region, the intensive properties are considered as in thermal equilibrium. The compressor model is considered as an adiabatic process; an isentropic efficiency is employed in this process. The expansion process in the thermostatic expansion valve is considered as an isenthalpic process. The PCM is treated as a one-dimensional heat transfer model. The mathematical simulation in this study predicts the refrigerant states and dynamic coefficient of performance in the system with respect to time. The dynamic validation shows good agreement with the test result.