Microstructure evolution in a large—grained TiAl alloy

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TiAl合金片层取向控制研究进展

TiAl合金因具有低密度、良好的高温强度以及抗氧化性,成为在航空航天及汽车行业具有重要应用价值的新型高温结构材料。对于全片层TiAl合金,通过控制α相沿非择优取向生长,获得平行于生长方向的片层组织,可显著提高其综合力学性能。TiAl合金的片层组织控制方法主要包括改变凝固路径法和籽晶法。综述了TiAl合金片层取向控制的现状及存在的主要问题,指出自引晶法和β相籽晶法是片层取向控制的新方法,将促进TiAl合金片层组织控制的工程化应用。最后,对TiAl合金片层取向控制的发展前景进行了展望。     

TiAl合金表面TiAlCrY/YSZ涂层高温长时间服役性能

TiAl合金具有低密度、高比强度的优异性能,是一种潜在的航空发动机用结构材料。TiAl合金的服役温度范围为700～900℃,在其表面制备高温热防护涂层可以进一步提高服役温度。本研究采用等离子喷涂技术在TiAl合金表面制备了新型TiAlCrY/YSZ涂层,并与传统的NiCrAlY/YSZ热障涂层进行高温长时间服役性能对比研究。结果发现, TiAlCrY/YSZ涂层在1100℃空气环境中服役300 h保持完好,表现出良好的高温性能,而NiCrAlY/YSZ涂层在1100℃的服役寿命不足100 h。显微分析结果表明, TiAlCrY黏结层表面会形成一层连续且致密的TGO,其主要成分为Al2O3,与YSZ涂层的界面兼容性良好。并且TGO在1100℃空气环境中服役300 h后,厚度仍<8μm。以上研究表明,与传统NiCrAlY/YSZ热障涂层相比, TiAlCrY/YSZ更适合作为TiAl合金表面的高温热防护涂层。     

压制压力对多孔TiAl合金孔结构及过滤性能的影响

以Ti、Al混合粉末为原料，通过反应烧结制备TiAl金属间化合物多孔过滤材料，分析压制压力对孔隙率、最大孔径及渗透系数的影响。结果表明：随着压制压力从90MPa增加到375MPa时，总孔隙率呈“急剧减小-平缓减小-平缓减小-平缓减小”的变化趋势，开孔隙率呈“急剧减小-平缓减小-显著增大-急剧减小”的变化趋势，最大孔径呈“急剧减小-减小-减小-减小”变化，而渗透系数呈“急剧减小-平缓减小-平缓增大-急剧减小”的变化。综合考虑压制压力对孔隙率、最大孔径及渗透系数的影响，当压制压力为250MPa时，TiAl合金烧结坯具有较大的开孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的渗透系数。改变颗粒之间的间隙大小及数量，从而影响反应造孔和孔隙长大，是压制压力影响孔隙率、最大孔径的机制。     

Temperature distribution for controlled-dwell extrusion of γ-TiAl

Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.15B alloy (atom fraction) was extruded at temperatures(Ta) of 1250 and 1330℃,respectively. The method of adding a thermal insulating layer was used to overcome the problem associated with the flow stress mismatch between the can and the billet during extrusion. Effects of two kinds of insulations, ZrO2 powders and silica fibers, on the quality of extrude bar along the radial direction were studied, and the process parameters were optimized by combining with finite element method (FEM). Tensile properties of the extruded alloy at room and elevated temperature were tested. The results show that the silica fibers has better thermal insulating property than ZrO2 powders. The temperature distribution in radial is more homogeneous using silica fibers. The alloy has a good balance of yield strength and room temperature ductility and the values are 680 MPa and 3.5%, respectively.     

Strain rate sensitivity of tensile properties in high Nb containing TiAl alloys

The effect of strain rate on the yield strength of high Nb containing TiAl alloy was studied. The results show that the strain rate sensitivity varies with the test temperature, and the yield strength is not sensitive to the strain rate at room temperature but significantly sensitive to the strain rate at high temperature. An increase of the strain rate or a decrease of the temperature results in an obvious change of fracture mode. It is found that the strain rate sensitivity of this alloy varying with temperature is due to the dislocation climb generated at high temperature.     

钇对Ti-43Al-9V合金组织性能的影响

采用OM，XRD，SEM和TEM等测试方法，分析了稀土元素(Y)对Ti—43Al—9V合金显微组织以及力学形能的影响。实验结果表明，Ti—43Al—9V—0．3Y合金由γ相、α2相、B2相和YAl2相组成；添加稀土可以细化Ti—43Al—9V合金的晶粒尺寸，并促进细小的α2／γ层片形成以及细化粗大的α2／γ／B2层片。对TiAl合金力学性能测试表明，适量添加稀土Y(0．3％，原子分数)可明显改善合金的室温强度和塑性，但过量添加将会造成材料性能降低；断口分析表明过量添加稀土导致沿晶断裂比例增加将损害TiAl合金的性能。     

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of TiC／TiAl Composites

TiC/ TiAl composites with different TiC content were fabricated by rapid heating technique of spark plasma sintering ( SPS ). The effect of TiC purticles on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl matrix was imestigated. The results indicate that grain sizes of TiAl matrix decrease and mechanical properties are improved because of the addition of TiC particles. The composites display a 26.8% increase in bending strength when 10wt% TiC is added and 43.8% improvement in fracture toughness when 5ut% TiC is added compared to values of TiC-free materials. Grain-refinement and dispersion-strengthening were the main strengthening mechanism. The improvement of fracture toughness was due to the deflexion of TiC particles to the crack.     

Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of as-forged Ti-44Al-8Nb-(W,B, Y) alloy with nearly lamellar microstructure

The hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of as-forged Ti-44Al-8Nb-(W, B, Y) alloy with nearly lamellar structure were investigated by means of uniaxial hot compression. Its stress exponent and activation energy are 3.81 and 494 KJ/mol, respectively. The efficiencies of power dissipation and instability parameters are evaluated, and processing maps at strains of 0.12, 0.25, and 0.5 are developed. It is demonstrated that the microstructural evolution is dependent on the temperature and strain rate. Moreover, the recovery and recrystallization of γ phases as well as the spheroidization of α phases play important roles in refining the microstructure. Reasonable parameters for secondary hot working are above 1150 °C with a strain rate of less than 0.25 s⁻¹ at a strain of 0.5. Additionally, the hot working window can be expanded to the region with lower temperature and higher strain rate at a strain of 0.12. Finally, crack-free TiAl sheets were successfully prepared by hot pack rolling. The as-rolled alloy is characterized by duplex microstructure with a mean grain size of 10 μm, exhibiting a failure strength of 1021 MPa with 0.78% ductility at room temperature. At 800 °C, the failure strength remains high: above 650 MPa.     

双态组织高Nb-TiAl合金的缺口敏感性

通过对圆棒状缺口试样和无缺口光滑试样进行单向拉伸试验,研究了双态组织高Nb-TiAl合金的缺口敏感性。研究表明,缺口根半径R≥0. 5 mm的U型试样和缺口角度60°、R≥1 mm的V型试样的抗拉强度RmN都大于光滑试样的抗拉强度Rm,缺口敏感度NSR均大于1,合金对缺口不敏感。当缺口类型相同时,缺口敏感性随缺口根半径R的减小而增大; V型缺口敏感性大于U型缺口;对于V型缺口试样,当R=0. 5 mm时,其NSR在0. 98～1. 03之间,RmN在Rm附近波动,易出现缺口敏感。