微注射成型PP/ABS共混物相形态

采用传统注射成型和微注射成型制备了聚丙烯/丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物（PP/ABS）共混物的2种尺寸的矩形样条,并对其相形态和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,2种样条的相形态差异很大,传统注射成型样条皮层分散相变形较大,且在ABS含量达到50 %(质量分数,下同)时,仍为分散相形态;而芯层分散相呈球形,在ABS含量为40 %时呈共连续结构;微注射成型由于剪切速率较高,冷却速率较快,样条皮层和芯层相形态没有太大的差异,分散相变形均较大,在ABS含量为50 %时呈现共连续结构,即相反转区域向ABS含量较高的方向移动;随着ABS含量的增加,2种样条的拉伸强度逐渐降低。     

EHA/PE复合薄膜的力学性能和阻透性能

分别使用氧气透过率分析仪、水蒸气透过率分析仪、拉伸试验机、紫外可见分光光度计以及差示扫描量热仪测试了乙烯乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、聚酰胺6(PA6)、EVOH/PA6(EHA)等薄膜以及EHA/聚乙烯(PE)复合薄膜的力学性能和阻透性能。结果表明,EVOH与PA6有较好的相容性,所制成的薄膜EHA与PE复合后的EHA/PE复合薄膜对氧气和水蒸气有良好的阻隔性,并且对可见光有很好的透过性,比较适合作食品包装材料。     

成核剂和乙烯马来酸酐共聚物混杂改性玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺复合材料

利用静电吸附方法制备了成核剂(P22)和乙烯马来酸酐共聚物(EMA)混杂改性的玻璃纤维(GF)增强体,并通过挤出成型制备了聚酰胺66(PA66)/改性GF增强体复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料断面和刻蚀后断面。结果表明,P22吸附在GF表面可以诱导PA66在GF表面结晶,而EMA分子中的酸酐基团则可以与PA66分子链末端的氨基发生反应,使PA66附着在GF表面,改善了GF与基体的界面结合;良好的界面结合使PA66/GF-P22 、PA66/GF-EMA、PA66/GF-EMA-P22复合材料的层间剪切强度和动态储能模量(室温25 ℃)分别提高了18.3 %、25.4 %、32.4 %和15.4 %、24.1 %、35.9 %。     

Synthesis and self-assembly of temperature and anion double responsive ionic liquid block copolymers

In this paper, double hydrophilic ionic liquid block copolymers (ILBCs), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly[1-methyl-3-(2-methacryloyloxy propylimidazolium bromine)] (PNIPAM-b-PMMPImB), were polymerized by two-step reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. The?composition and molecular weight distributions of ILBCs were characterized using ¹HNMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The self-assembly and temperature- and anion-responsive behaviors of ILBCs were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS). With increasing the concentration of (CF₃SO₂)₂N^--, the micellization of self-assembling PNIPAM-b-PMMPImB was induced to form a core--shell structure containing the core with hydrophilic PMMPIm-(CF₃SO₂)₂N^-- surrounded by the shell of PNIPAM via the anion-responsive properties of ILBCs. However, upon temperature increasing, PNIPAM-b-PMMPImB formed the micelles composing of PNIPAM core and PMMPImB shell. The ionic liquid segment with strong hydrophilic property enhanced the hydrogen bonding interaction which expanded the temperature range of phase transition and increased the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the system. These results indicate that ILBCs prepared in this paper have excellent temperature and anion double responsive properties, and may be applied as a kind of potential environmental responsive polymer nanoparticles.     

聚乙二醇嵌段长碳链二酸共聚物的合成与酶降解研究

采用长碳链癸二酸代替丁二酸与丁二醇以及不同含量的相对分子质量为200的聚乙二醇(PEG)嵌段共聚,得到了聚癸二酸丁二醇酯聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PBSe-PEG),并采用核磁共振波谱仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪、差示扫描量分析仪、热重分析仪、广角X射线衍射仪等分析手段表征了嵌段共聚物的结构和性能,并且研究了固定化南极假丝酵母菌脂肪酶(简称脂肪酶N435)对PBSe-PEG的降解性。结果表明,几种PBSe-PEG是预期产物,其数均相对分子质量在5×104左右;PBSe-PEG与纯PBSe相比晶型结构相似;随着PEG含量增加,PBSe-PEG的熔融温度（Tm）和结晶温度（Tc）逐渐下降;相比PBS,脂肪酶N435对PBSe-PEG具有更好的降解性。     

植物精油-EVOH活性包装膜对草鱼鱼肉保鲜效果的研究

分别以2%葡萄籽精油、2%丁香精油、1%葡萄籽精油＋1%丁香精油为活性成分,乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物为基膜材料,用挤出吹塑法通过共混、吹塑等工艺制备活性保鲜薄膜,考察薄膜的基本性能。在冷藏（4±1） ℃条件下对草鱼鱼肉进行保鲜,并以挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量、细菌总数、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值、持水率以及质构为鲜度指标对保鲜效果进行评价。结果表明：配比为1%葡萄籽精油＋1%丁香精油活性成分制成的活性薄膜对鱼肉具有最佳的保鲜效果,使草鱼鱼肉在（4±1） ℃条件下保鲜达8 d。     

阻燃PC/ABS合金的研制及其在电器上的应用

通过对3种增容剂增容PC／ABS合金性能的测试对比,选用了1种效果最佳的增容剂制备PC／ABS合金．用十溴联苯醚和三氧化二锑作为阻燃体系,对阻燃PC／ABS合金的力学性能、热性能、阻燃性能进行了检测。结果表明,当PC：ABS：增容剂：阻燃体系为70：30：8：15时,阻燃PC／ABS合金的综合力学性能最好,阻燃性能达到UL 94V-0级．该合金已用于生产防火电器开关、插座面板系列产品。     

污水处理用高发泡E/VAC悬浮填料的研制与应用

采用活性炭填充高发泡（乙烯／乙酸乙烯酯）共聚物（E／VAC）,制备了新型悬浮填料,用作污水处理中为微生物提供附着生长的载体。研究表明,当双螺杆挤出温度为185℃、过氧化二异丙苯质量分数为1％、偶氮二甲酰胺质量分数为1、5％时,E／VAC的密度和空隙率分别达到0．85g／cm^3和60％。在复合式生物反应器中处理模拟生活污水,化学需氧量（COD）去除率为90％～95％,氨氮的去除率在75％以上。     

两类增韧HDPE的力学性能及熔体流动性

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体树脂、(乙烯／丙烯)共聚物和丁苯橡胶为增韧剂制得增韧母料(E-TMB)。分别采用将E-TMB与HDPE热机械共混和将(乙烯／丙烯)共聚物、丁苯橡胶与HDPE简单共混的方法制备了HDPE／E-TMB及HDPE／弹性体两类增韧HDPE。结果表明,HDPE／E-TMB的悬臂梁缺口冲击强度的提高幅度、拉伸屈服应力保持率均显著优于HDPE／弹性体,二者的弯曲弹性模量保持率基本相同;HDPE／E-TMB的熔体流动速率比HDPE／弹性体的小,但仍适宜于注射成型和挤出成型。     

硅溶胶/苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物无机-有机杂化水分散液的制备和表征

A stable silica sol with 3-5 nm in diameter, which can form homogeneous film without crack, was prepared and characterized. Then, the inorganic-organic hybrid aqueous dispersion composed of such a silica sol and an emulsion of styrene （St） and acrylate （Ac） copolymer was prepared and the hybrid effect between the silica sol and poly（St-co-Ac） was observed by Fourier transform infra-red （FT-IR） spectroscope. The toughness of the film prepared by this kind of hybrid aqueous dispersion was excellent, as it was enhanced appreciably by commixing with a small amount of poly（St-co-Ac） emulsion. Some amino-polysiloxane modified hybrid aqueous dispersions were also prepared and the properties of the modified dispersions and their films were investigated. The experimental results showed that the film prepared with such an amino-polysiloxane modified hybrid dispersion exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and low surface energy after heat treatment for 1.5 h, during which the formation of the graft copolymer was observed. The surface energy of this film decreases as a result of the enrichment of siloxane segments on the film surface.