Attractiveness to mexican fruit flies of combinations of acetic acid with ammonium/amino attractants with emphasis on effects of hunger

Ammonium acetate was more attractive than other ammonium salts to Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens) in an orchard test. We hypothesized that acetic acid enhanced the attractiveness of ammonia in the orchard test and that acetic acid may similarly enhance attractiveness of AMPu, an attractant consisting of a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine. In laboratory experiments, acetic acid was attractive to flies deprived of either yeast hydrolysate or both sugar and yeast hydrolysate but not to flies fed both sugar and yeast hydrolysate. AMPu/acetic acid combinations were more attractive than AMPu alone to flies deprived of both sugar and yeast hydrolysate but not to flies fed sugar, regardless of yeast hydrolysate deprivation status. Acetic acid is the first attractant found that has become more attractive with both sugar and protein deprivation in studies withA. ludens. It is also the first that has enhanced the attractiveness of another attractant type. In orchard tests, yellow sticky panels baited with either AMPu or 17 mg of acetic acid were at least six times more attractive than unbaited panels. However, panels baited with both acetic acid (17–68 mg) and AMPu were less attractive than AMPu alone. These results differed from the laboratory data in which combinations were never less attractive than AMPu alone.     

氨汽提尿素装置扩能改造的可行性分析

介绍中石油宁夏石化分公司二化肥尿素装置的现状，拟采用二氧化碳汽提法对装置进行50％扩能改造，分析改造方案的可行性。     

Effect of green manure on the yield,N uptake and floodwater properties of a flooded rice,wheat rotation receiving15N urea on a highly permeable soil

Field studies were conducted for two years on a rapidly percolating loamy sand (Typic Ustochrept) to evaluate the effect of green manure (GM) on the yield,¹⁵N recovery from urea applied to flooded rice, the potential for ammonia loss and uptake of residual fertilizer N by succeeding crops. The GM crop ofSesbania aculeata was grownin situ and incorporated one day before transplanting rice. Urea was broadcast in 0.05 m deep floodwater, and incorporated with a harrow. Green manure significantly increased the yield and N uptake by rice and substituted for a minimum of 60 kg fertilizer N ha^–1. The recovery of fertilizer N as indicated by¹⁵N recovery was higher in the GM + urea treatments. The grain yield and N uptake by succeeding wheat in the rotation was slightly higher with GM. The recovery of residual fertilizer N as indicated by the¹⁵N recovery in the second, third and fourth crops of wheat, rice and wheat was only 3, 1 and 1 per cent of the urea fertilizer applied to the preceding rice crop. Floodwater chemistry parameters showed that the combined use of the GM and 40 kg N ha^–1 as urea applied at transplanting resulted in a comparatively higher potential for NH₃ loss immediately after fertilizer application. The actual ammonia loss as suggested by the¹⁵N recoveries in the rice crop, however, did not appear to be appreciably larger in the GM treatment. It appeared the ammonia loss was restricted by low ammoniacal-N concentration maintained in the floodwater after 2 to 3 days of fertilizer application.     

凯洛格氨合成系统的分析和物料衡算

应用化工系统分析中的斯图尔特（DVSeward）回路搜索法和自由度分析法对大型氨合成系统（以凯洛格Kellogg流程为例）进行流程分块、再循环回路切割和单元设备计算排序，发现当一定的原始设计变量确定后，分析得计算顺序中的每一个单元设备或选择的体系的物料子问题的自由度均为0或小于0。因此，既可避免复杂繁琐的物热联解和全系统的迭代收敛，又可应用序贯模块法进行物料平衡的计算机模拟，使计算快速准确。     

改性天然丝光沸石对氨的吸附性能

以缙云天然丝光沸石为载体,考察了载体预处理、不同活性组分、负载量等因素对氨、吡啶、二乙胺吸附容量的影响。结果表明,负载CuSO_4对氨的吸附容量明显提高,具有物理吸附和化学吸附双重功能,但吡啶、二乙胺略有下降。随着焙烧温度的提高,其对氨的吸附能力也提高,水份的存在对氨的吸附容量影响不大。     

Reductive alkylation of Illinois No. 6 coal in liquid ammonia

The reductive alkylation of Illinois No. 6 coal was investigated using alkali metals and alkyl halides in liquid ammonia. Potassium is the most effective reducing agent and butyl iodide is the most effective alkylating agent for the preparation of coal alkylate that is soluble in tetrahydrofuran. The overall yield of soluble product is often improved through the reaction of the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble portion of the initial reaction products with an alkylating agent in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. The infrared spectra of these materials suggest that the phase transfer agent catalyses the esterification of residual carboxylic acid functions. The intermolecular interactions between such acid groups and acceptor groups markedly restrict the solubility of the coal alkylate. The gel permeation chromatograms of the soluble reaction products are essentially featureless with only modest maxima at short and long elution volumes. The proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the reductive methylation products, prepared using methyl-¹³C iodide, suggest that carbon alkylation exceeds oxygen alkylation and that the alkylation of phenolic groups is the dominant O-alkylation reaction. The spectra also suggest that fewer ethers are cleaved in the reaction in liquid ammonia than under the conditions of the Sternberg reaction.     

合成氨造气工艺的技术优化与选型

对合成氨造气工艺流程中的自动加煤系统、专用炉箅、洗气箱、废热锅炉、吹风气余热回收系统等关键工艺环节进行了工艺优化、设备选型和工艺实践论证；对比了技术优化前后的运行数据和产生的经济效益。     

低温脱除NOx催化剂的开发

开发了一种以NH₃为还原剂、选择性催化还原氮氧化物的负载铜低温催化剂。试验结果表明，活性组分和助催化剂的含量、催化剂的焙烧条件和反应空速对NO的转化率有显著的影响。催化剂具有高活性温域宽、氮氧化物去除率高和压碎强度好等特点。应用试验表明，在废气中NOx为21562 mg/m³、NOx+空气为870 m³/h，空速为4100 h^－1、反应温度280 ℃的条件下，氮氧化物的脱除率达99.6％。     

膜技术在城市污水回用中的适用性研究

为了探讨膜技术在城市污水回用中的适用性,总结了城市污水的回用现状和技术措施,研究了膜技术在洗浴废水和高氨氮生活污水回用中的应用.结果表明,膜出水水质均符合市政和生活杂用水水质标准.膜技术用于城市污水回用具有明显的环境效益,可有效缓解水资源不足和水环境污染的矛盾.     

焦化废水曝气生物滤池深度处理试验

以升流式曝气生物滤池(UBAF)深度处理某焦化厂废水处理站二级未达标生化出水,在投加30%双氧水(H2O2/COD cr质量比为3)预处理后,并在气水比为3∶1,回流比为(0.5~1)∶1的运行条件下,系统对CODcr、NH3-N的平均去除率分别为53.1%、91.6%,系统出水CODcr和NH3-N浓度分别达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8987—1996)的二级和一级排放标准.