多炼厂计划优化模型的应用设计

通过信息技术等新技术与传统炼化产业的紧密结合推动炼化技术实现新突破,实现智能化生产和信息集成,提高生产和管理效率,降低生产成本。炼化行业计划优化技术发展趋势是实现生产计划各环节的集成,依托模型对生产和经营过程进行模拟,增进计划的科学性。本文结合中国石油总部先进计划系统的设计,介绍了多厂模型的总体设计方案,包括原料供应、生产、物流运输、互供料、库存及产品销售等各环节在模型中的表现方式。     

由乙二醇糖苷制备十二烷基糖苷的间接合成方法

采用间接合成法，先合成出乙二酩糖苷，再与十二醇反应,得到含长碳链的十二烷基特苷，反应条件缓和，反应过程较容易控制,采用均匀设计法设计实验．利用DataFit戟件，建立非线性数学模型,得出十二烷基糖许产品的产量与各因素间的回归方程。求解非线性回归模型得到反应最佳条件：葡萄褚、乙二醇、十二醇、催化剂的摩尔比为1：6：4：0．01．反应温度为115℃．反应时间为4．8h。对影响得率的因素如反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量及原料配比分别进行讨论。通过测定不同浓度下溶渡的表面张力，得到其临界胶束浓度值为0．05％，优化条件下的产品的性能测试还表明丁烷基糖苷具有较好的泡沫力和泡沫稳定性。     

Efficient material design for diesel particulate filters

This paper will give an overview about the filter development for diesel particulate emission control in automotive applications. The material development for passenger car diesel particulate filters led to new materials like silicon carbide while for heavy duty applications still Cordierite plays a major role. But in the future other materials might also be used for passenger cars. This paper will show the basic difference between both applications and describe the material design in terms of filter properties (base material, back pressure aspects, filtration efficiency, coating impact). Current application on vehicles with catalysed soot filters (CSF) with and without oxidation catalyst will be presented. Furthermore an outlook will be given on materials for catalysed soot filters for the future.     

基于FPGA的高速数据存储系统优化设计

针对遥测系统数据记录装置中数据传输速率与存储速率不匹配的问题,提出Flash的并行存储方案,采用交替双平面的编程方式可以使得存储器的存储速率达到单片Flash最高存储速率的2倍,即60 MB/s;对控制单元FPGA内部双端口RAM的逻辑设计进行改进,解决了数据存储异常的现象。在数据回收方面,提出了多备份的设计思想和备用读数接口的设计方案,已在工程应用中得到成功实践,验证了该数据记录装置的可靠性。     

基于浏览器 /服务器的橡胶加工网络测控系统

通过对客户机／服务器模式和浏览器／服务器模式的比较，选择浏览器／服务器模式组建了基于Internt/Intranet的远程橡胶加工网络测控系统，并介绍了系统的开发模式、方法和注意事项。     

Reliability-based robust design optimization: A general methodology using genetic algorithm

In this paper, we present an improved general methodology including four stages to design robust and reliable products under uncertainties. First, as the formulation stage, we consider reliability and robustness simultaneously to propose the new formulation of reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) problems. In order to generate reliable and robust Pareto-optimal solutions, the combination of genetic algorithm with reliability assessment loop based on the performance measure approach is applied as the second stage. Next, we develop two criteria to select a solution from obtained Pareto-optimal set to achieve the best possible implementation. Finally, the result verification is performed with Monte Carlo Simulations and also the quality improvement during manufacturing process is considered by identifying and controlling the critical variables. The effectiveness and applicability of this new proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study.     

Safety-based availability assessment at design stage

The availability of a system or equipment is one of the crucial characteristics that measures the customer satisfaction and strongly influences his final choice decision between concurrent products. The aim of this work is to provide an approach to improve the products availability assessment by taking into account the safety criteria by considering the use situations at design stage. Our work focuses on the routine design of complex products. The availability is often simply estimated considering reliability and maintainability. Basically, the intrinsic availability is the probability that it is operating satisfactorily at any point in time when used under conditions stated by design specifications. The time considered includes operating time and active repair time. Thus, intrinsic availability excludes from consideration all other times in the product lifecycle such as: accident management time, storage time, administrative time or logistic time. But many studies show that the loss of availability performance is also due to accidents that occur in different unforeseeable utilization situations. This engenders stops of the system to ensure the users safety according to standards recommendations. In this purpose, we consider the structural product architecture and the different use cases that correspond to the operational states and downtimes due to stop events that may happen during the utilization like failures, maintenance tasks and accidents. Then, we propose a product behavioral analysis including the use cases to describe interactions between the product and users or maintenance operators. We use Markov chains to model the use cases corresponding to operating time (OT), maintenance time (MT) and preparing time after accidents (RT). Then these three parameters are considered to specify a generic approach to improve the availability assessment. Such an approach provides the traceability of the product behavior along its lifecycle. In this way, the main causes of stop can be identified and this may guide the designer for improving the availability of the product future versions. To validate our approach, an application is presented considering a printing line. The comparison of our simulation considering an industrial case study shows a good agreement about the influence of safety on the availability.     

Exploring teachers' perceptions on different CSCL script editing tools

Despite the apparent maturity of the learning design field, and the variety of tooling available to support it, adoption among the teacher community (one of its alleged main targets) is still low. There is a lack of research on teachers' perception and use of different technological learning design tools, as existing evaluations are often restricted to a single tool. In order to explore whether there are common factors hampering teacher adoption, and which tool features might appeal to different teachers, more studies involving multiple authoring tools are needed. This paper provides a first step in this direction, describing a mixed methods study performed around a professional development workshop with 18 university teachers from multiple disciplines. This workshop exposed teachers to two different authoring tools (WebCollage and EDIT2), as they learned to create computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) designs and implement them. The findings of our interpretive study (which included questionnaires, observations, or group discussion recordings) support the idea that there is no single tool or set of features that are globally perceived as better, although our evidence also highlights certain factors as important for participant teachers – amongst others, the integration of learning designs with the ICT platforms for enactment, as well as with other tools that they already use in their everyday practice.     

Logit network pricing

In this paper, we address a pricing problem defined over a transportation network, and where the underlying flow is assigned according to the logit model. This setting yields a nonlinear optimization problem that yet possesses strong combinatorial features. Taking advantage of the model's analytical properties, we characterize its first-order optimality conditions and introduce rules that simplify the network topology, while leaving the structure of optimal solutions unchanged. Based on these results, a class of unimodal instances is identified. Finally, the connection with the more classical problem known as ‘product line pricing’ in economics is emphasized.     

Effective website design for experience-influenced environments: The case of high culture museums

While most research on website has focused on functional tasks, the Internet offers many opportunities for leisure as well as experiential activities. Because of the evolution of developed society toward an experience economy, analyzing the role of technologies in the presence of prior user experiences makes sense. This research identifies variables that play a role and influence online behaviors in a specific experiential environment, namely the high culture museum website. Relying on the literature on experience, we propose a research model tested with two different websites. The results of the free simulation experiment indicates that (1) esthetics is the most important design criteria for experiential interfaces and (2) that website design influences intentions to visit a physical place.