某抽水蓄能电站下库进出水口水沙运动特性试验研究

利用河工模型对某抽水蓄能电站下库区进行了特征洪水过程及电站运行的联合模拟试验。试验表明在输沙槽与拦沙潜堰共同作用下,电站进出水口的含沙量得到有效控制。在来水含沙量低于3kg/m3时,进出水口含沙量都满足电站运行要求,但是在含沙量较高的洪水期,底部浑水会逆行至电站进出水口附近,导致过机含沙量较高,因此提出了增设非封闭式拦沙潜坝的修改方案。修改方案改善了进出水口前的水流结构,起到了良好的拦沙截淤作用,进出水口前含沙量及泥沙淤积大幅减少,蓄能期过机含沙量降低13%~22%。在含沙量较大的洪水期,电站不宜抽水运用,但适时采用发电运行有助于减轻下库进出水口前的泥沙淤积。     

侧向水流作用下均匀沙休止角变化的试验研究

散体沙动水休止角是表征沙丘、沙洲等散体沙堆积体稳定形态的重要特征参数,在岸坡稳定分析、坝前冲刷漏斗形态研究中有着广泛的应用。采用室内试验的方法研究了侧向水流作用下不同粒径天然均匀散体沙水下休止角的变化规律。结果表明:在水流流速超过泥沙颗粒起动流速后,天然散体沙水下休止角随流速增大而减小,且减小的速度随着流速的进一步增加而更加迅速;相同流速条件下,粗颗粒泥沙的水下休止角大于细颗粒,其对流速变化的敏感度也低于细颗粒。基于侧向水流边坡上泥沙颗粒的受力分析,引入相对流速概念,初步建立了侧向水流作用下均匀散体沙动水休止角计算公式及其简化形式。     

石英砂的塑性机理研究

研究了石英砂的塑性并对其进行改善,得出石英砂颗粒大小、砖坯含水率、砖坯p H值和增塑剂含量对砖坯塑性的影响规律及机理,并且为利用石英砂而采用可塑成型去制备高性能的烧结砖探索出了合适的成型工艺条件:球磨时间24h、含水率为29%、坯料p H=9和增塑剂含量为5%。     

Transport of Gellan Gum Microbeads in Soil Columns of Various Grain Size Distributions

The transport of gellan gum microbeads as potential cell carriers was investigated in horizontal columns packed with different grain size classes of gravel (2–16 mm) and sand (0.25–2 mm). A suspension of microbeads was pulsed into each column for 6 h, followed by injection of water for 42 h. In general, the total amount of microbeads travelling across a given section of the column increased with injection time but decreased towards the column outlet, varying as a direct function of grain size. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the transport of gellan gum microbeads through medium sand to medium gravel across distances up to 110 cm.     

Preparation Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan-Polyacrylic Acid-Modified Iron Sand Leachate for Proton Exchange Membranes

ABSTRACT

Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of chitosan (Chi) and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA)-modified iron sand leachate were prepared and considered for applicability as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells. Chi-PAA-hematite blended in different weight ratios and the resulting membranes were treated to enable the formation of the polyelectrolyte. The membranes of Chi-PAA polyblend were treated using iron sand leachate and reveal high ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, water uptake, and good mechanical stability. The result of research indicated that the membrane with 40 wt% of Chi and 60 wt% of PAA blend which its conductivity of 6.10 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 was potentially for a proton exchange membrane in fuel cell applications.     

考虑中主应力效应Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型的改进

针对Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型不能考虑中主应力影响,在Gudehus提出的响应包络线理论基础上,提出了在模型的非线性项乘以一个考虑中主应力的因子进行改进.这种改进增加了土体剪切时的强度,改变了土体受压时的变形.新模型对中主应力的变化在中主应力参数影响程度能够有一定反映.同时将改进后的模型与中主应力参数为常量的真三轴实验进行了比较.结果表明改进后的模型可以模拟中主应力对砂土强度和变形特性的影响,能够定量预测由于中主应力影响产生的体积应变.     

长北气田山2段小层砂体三维建模

鄂尔多斯盆地长北气田山西组2段为一套海相辫状河三角洲沉积体系,为揭示不同时期小层砂体发育规模及空间分布,以高分辨率层序地层分析为基础,相控建模为指导思想,短期基准面旋回为地层单元,等时地层格架为约束条件,采用序贯指示数学方法对长北气田山2段4个短期层序的水上分流河道、水下分流河道及河口坝微相小层砂体的发育规模及空间分布进行了随机模拟.砂体展布的三维模拟结果表明,河道自北向南沿物源方向延展,其中SSC1～SSC4短期基准面上升时期,河道加宽,小层砂体沉积厚度加大,物性较好,有利储层发育;下降时期河道变窄,小层砂体沉积厚度减小,物性变差.小层砂体的三维模拟结果在该区勘探实践中得到了很好的验证.     

Constitutive equations and finite element implementation of strain localization in sand deformation

A recently proposed model coupling with the solid-fluid of the saturated sand was utilized to study the deformation band. Based on the critical state plasticity model by Borja and Andrade, the hydraulic conductivity tensor was naturally treated as a function of the spatial discretization matrix about the displacement and the stress field, allowing a more realistic representation of the physical phenomenon. The fully Lagrangian form of the Darcy law was resolved by Piola algorithm, and then the flow law was gained, leading to the implementation of a modified model of the saturated sand. Then the criterion for the onset of localization was derived and utilized to detect instability. The constitutive model was implemented in a finite element program coded by FORTRAN, which was used to predict the formation and development of shear bands in plane strain compression of saturated sand. At last, the formation mechanism of the shear band was discussed. It is shown that the model works well, and the simulation sample bifurcates at 1.18% axial strain, which is in a good qualitative agreement with the experiment. The pore pressure greatly affects the onset and development of the deformation band, and it obviously increases around the localization-prone regions with the direction toward the outer side of the normal of the shear band, while the pore stress flows nearly horizontally and is distributed equally far away the shear band region. Foundation item: Project(2006G007-C) supported by the Foundation of the Science and Technology Section of Ministry of Railway of China; Project(77206) supported by the Excellent PhD Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University, China     

埕岛油田馆上段沉积砂体及其夹层分布特征

通过岩矿特征、剖面结构、砂岩粒度和砂体形态分析,认为埕岛油田馆陶组上段为曲流河沉积。按砂体发育特点和成因类型划分出主河道连片砂体、河道边缘连续窄带状砂体、天然堤断续带状砂体、决口水道扇形席状砂体及废弃河道成因的透镜状砂体等5种类型。在研究区383口井精细地质研究的基础上,从不同成因储油砂体角度总结出夹层分布特征。建立了储油砂体内夹层的空间分布模式：主河道砂体内夹层分布复杂,一般底部发育钙质夹层,中部多发育物性夹层,上部为泥质夹层;河道边缘砂体主要发育泥质夹层;决口扇砂体内泥质夹层分布稳定;天然堤和废弃河道仅发育极少的钙质夹层。     

夯扩挤密碎石桩处理液化砂土

目的 消除砂土液化,保证处理深度范围内地基土上下均匀,为液化砂土桩处理探索新的途径.方法 夯扩挤密碎石桩采用相同的夯击能量和贯入度控制桩体质量,以高能量施工设备进行孔内夯击填料,振动和挤密桩底和桩间土,使松散砂土颗粒重排,提高砂土的承载力和压缩模量.笔者对比分析夯扩挤密碎石桩在沿海高速路基工程上的应用实例.结果 采用夯扩挤密碎石桩复合加固地基,可提高砂层标贯锤击数30%,消除砂土液化现象,提高地基承载力,与振冲桩相比节省造价约20%.结论 夯扩挤密碎石桩方法工艺简单,施工质量易保证,节约水资源;夯扩挤密碎石桩对于公路路基工程,具有广阔的应用前景,开辟了处理砂土液化的新途径.