高海拔地区2500t/d熟料生产线的设计与生产研究

水泥厂关键装备（特别是热工设备、通风机等）受高海拔影响较大,会造成高原降效和出力不足等问题,对此必须采取针对性措施加以克服和解决.位于甘肃省张掖市山丹县境内的某2 500 t/d熟料线,厂区海拔约1 600m,总包方通过采用为此专项开发的高原型带FTF分解炉的单系列低压损五级旋风预热预分解系统,并通过相关工程设计优化,以及对易受高海拔影响设备的合理选型等措施,投产半月就实现了72h的达标考核,二个月即实现了月达产,完全达到海平面同类型熟料线的运行效益.     

高原环境3500t/d熟料线100%燃无烟煤生产的系统设计

在1 420 m海拔的贵州毕节江天水泥100%燃无烟煤工程设计中,对当地产无烟煤取样进行了燃烧特性研究分析,确定窑用无烟煤细度(R0.08mm)控制≤3%,分解炉用无烟煤细度(R0.08mm)控制≤2%。并重点对分解炉的形式与结构进行调整,控制分解炉系统煤粉停留时间约31.84 s;同时采用专用四通道窑头燃烧器、高效篦冷机和大窑门罩等措施,确保煤粉在窑炉内的快速完全燃烧。投产后,该生产线系统稳定,实现了优质高产运行。     

Synthesis and characterization of the new cellulose derivative films based on the hydroxyethyl cellulose prepared from esparto “stipa tenacissima” cellulose of Eastern Morocco. II. Esterification with acyl chlorides in a homogeneous medium

Esparto “Stipa tenacissima” cellulose esters derivatives: HECA‐COO? C₄H₈? COOC₂H₅, HECA‐COO? C₈H₁₆? COOC₂H₅, and HECA‐COO? C₆H₄? COOC₂H₅ were successfully prepared in Tetrahydrofuran (THF)/triethylamine system with a degree of substitution (DS), respectively, DS_AD‐Et=0.32, DS_SB‐Et=0.22, and DS_TRP‐Et=0.50 using hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA; DS_AC=0.50) as intermediate product, and we avoided the drawbacks of cellulose solubility. The structural modifications were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR), Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C‐NMR), and Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer 135° (DEPT‐135). The results from these analyses revealed the presence of the characteristic groups indicating that the grafting reaction was successful. The crystallinity and the structure order changes during the esterification reactions were recorded by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), it is found that the crystallinity degree decrease from 63.1% for Esparto “Stipa tenacissima” cellulose to 27.74% for HECA. The thermal stability of the esterified and unmodified cellulose samples was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)‐differential thermal analysis (DTA); the modified HECA exhibits a decrease in thermal stability relatively to the unmodified HECA, and this may be related to the groups grafted. The resulted cellulose esters HECA‐P_x (x = 1, 2, or 3) were soluble in THF and present an amorphous structure justified by XRD spectra. It was noted by TGA‐DTA analysis that the cellulose esters with low melting range were proved as thermoplastic polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

CFB锅炉SNCR脱硝技术研发

由于合理组织了分段送风和分段燃烧,CFB锅炉的NOx排放质量浓度自身就可控制到200mg/m3左右,如再配有简单的氨或尿素喷射系统的SNCR脱硝技术,就可以实现100mg/m3或者更低排放水平。对CFB锅炉进行了SNCR数值模拟,并进行了3MW CFB锅炉热态试验台SNCR技术的研究。通过数值模拟及热态试验研究发现:CFB锅炉实施SNCR能够实现60%以上的脱硝效率。将该技术应用于某工程,脱硝效率能够达到预期。     

胡麻油营养分析及应用研究进展

胡麻油是从胡麻籽中分离提取制成的油,具有非常高的营养价值。该文全面综述了胡麻油的生产、营养及其应用,并对存在的问题进行分析,旨在为胡麻油的进一步推广应用提供借鉴。     

Effect of d‐Psicose Used as Sucrose Replacer on the Characteristics of Meringue

Excessive intake of sugar‐rich foods leads to metabolic syndrome. d ‐Psicose (Psi) not commonly found in nature, is noncalorie sweetener with a suppressive effect on the blood glucose level. Thus, Psi has the potential to be utilized as a sucrose (Suc) replacer in sugar‐rich foods, including meringue‐based confectionery (MBC). In this study, we investigated the effect of Psi on the physical and chemical properties of meringue. Meringue was made by whipping egg white and Suc (at a weight ratio of 1:1) and baking at 93 °C for 2 h. Thirty percent of the total weight of Suc was replaced with d ‐ketohexoses such as Psi, d ‐fructose, d ‐tagatose, and d ‐sorbose. The meringues containing d ‐ketohexoses had higher specific volume than the meringue not containing d ‐ketohexoses (Ct‐meringue). Baking of meringue caused differences between Psi and the other d ‐ketohexose meringues. Meringue containing Psi (P30‐meringue) had the highest breaking stress (7.00 × 10⁵ N/m²) and breaking strain (4.40%), resulting in the crunchiest texture. In addition, P30‐meringue also had the highest antioxidant activity (491.84 μM TE/mg‐meringue determined by ABTS method) and was the brownest due to a Maillard reaction occurring during baking. The replacement of Suc with Psi improved the characteristics of baked meringue. Thus, Psi was found to be useful in modifying the physical and chemical properties of MBC.     

BURIAL AND THERMAL HISTORY MODELLING OF THE MURZUQ AND GHADAMES BASINS (LIBYA) USING THE GALO COMPUTER PROGRAMME

The GALO computer programme was used to model the thermal and burial histories of the Murzuq and Ghadames Basins, Libya. The model was based on recent drilling and seismic data from the basins, and used published deep temperature and vitrinite reflectance measurements. The model provides more accurate results than previous studies which were based on constant geothermal gradients during the basins' histories, and variations in heat flux at the base of the sedimentary cover were chosen so that calculated values of vitrinite reflectance coincide with those observed. The Murzuq Basin and Libyan part of the Ghadames Basin contain similar source rock units but have different burial histories. In the Murzuq Basin, maximum present‐day burial depths of Cambrian sediments range from 2200 to 2800 m and only locally reach 3000 – 3600 m; in the Ghadames Basin, however, burial depths can exceed 4–5 km. The burial history of the Murzuq Basin includes several periods of intense erosion and lithospheric heating which produced significant lateral variations in thermal maturity, leading in places to unexpected results. For example, relatively shallow‐buried Lower Silurian source rocks in the A‐76 area on the flank of the Murzuq Basin have a thermal maturity of R_o = 1.24% which is higher than the maturity of the same interval in more deeply buried areas (wells D1‐NC‐58 or J1‐NC101). In the central part of the Ghadames Basin, the modelling suggests a higher level of thermal maturity for organic matter in Silurian strata (R_o 0.8 to 1.3%), confirming the generation potential of Lower Silurian “hot shales”. Significant hydrocarbon generation began here in the Late Carboniferous and continues at the present day. Modelling of the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Aouinat Ouinine Formation “hot shales” suggests limited hydrocarbon generation depending strongly on burial depth, with the main phase of hydrocarbon generation taking place during the final episode of thermal activation in the Cenozoic. In the wells studied in the Ghadames Basin, the “oil window” extends over a considerable part of the present‐day sedimentary column.     

基于KFCM的三维点云精简算法

毫米波雷达、TOF相机等扫描设备捕获的点云包含大量的冗余信息与噪声点,降低了点云配准的精度与处理效率。针对上述问题,提出基于KFCM的三维点云精简方法,将原始扫描点云以核函数映射至特征空间,同时更新聚类中心及隶属度矩阵,利用加权误差平方和建立目标函数且以其收敛为算法终止标准,最终将聚类中心作为精简结果输出。实验结果表明,本方法可在良好保持点云基本特征的前提下降低源点云分辨率以达到精简效果,且可通过调节参数控制输出点云的疏密程度,在与配准任务的适应性实验中可满足ICP等配准算法的需求。     

Influence of salt content and processing time on sensory characteristics of cooked "lacón"

The influence of salt content and processing time on the sensory properties of cooked "lacón" were determined. "Lacón" is a traditional dry-cured and ripened meat product made in the north-west of Spain from the fore leg of the pig, following a similar process to that of dry-cured ham. Six batches of "lacón" were salted with different amounts of salt (LS (3 days of salting), MS (4 days of salting) and HS (5 days of salting)) and ripened during two times (56 and 84 days of dry-ripening). Cured odour in all batches studied, red colour and rancid odour in MS and HS batches, flavour intensity in MS batch and fat yellowness, rancid flavour and hardness in the HS batch were significantly different with respect to the time of processing. Appearance, odour, flavour and texture were not significantly affected by the salt content (P>0.05). However, the saltiness score showed significant differences with respect to the salt levels in all studied batches (56 and 84 days of process). The principal component analysis showed that physicochemical traits were the most important ones concerning the quality of dry-cured "lacón" and offered a good separation of the mean samples according to the dry ripening days and salt level.     

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF THE SILURIAN AKKAS FORMATION,WESTERN IRAQ

The Silurian Akkas Formation has been reported and described only in the subsurface of western Iraq. The formation is divided into the lower Hoseiba Member, which contains two high‐TOC “hot” shale intervals that together are around 60 m thick, and the overlying Qaim Member that is composed of lower‐TOC “cold” shales. This study investigates the source rock potential of Akkas Formation shales from the Akkas‐1and Akkas‐3 wells in western Iraq and assesses the relationship between their mineral and elemental contents and their redox depositional conditions and thermal maturity. Twenty‐six shale samples from both members of the Akkas Formation from the Akkas‐1and Akkas‐3 wells were analysed. The results showed that the upper, ~20 m thick“hot” shale interval in the lower Hoseiba Member has good source rock characteristics with an average TOC content of 5.5 wt% and a mean Rock‐Eval S₂ of 10 kg/tonne. Taken together, the two “hot” shale intervals and the intervening “cold” shale of the Hoseiba Member are ~125‐150 m thick and have an average TOC of 3.3 wt% and mean S₂ of 6.2 kg/tonne. The samples from the Hoseiba Member contain mixed Type II / III or Type III kerogen with an HI of up to 296 mgS₂/gTOC. Visual organic‐matter analysis showed that the samples contain dark brown, opaque amorphous organic matter with minor amounts of vitrinite‐like and algal (Tasmanites) material. Pyrolysis – gas chromatography undertaken on a single sample indicated a mature (or higher) algal‐dominated Type II kerogen. High spore and acritarch colour index values and weak or absent fluorescence similarly suggest that the lower part of the Akkas Formation is late mature to early post‐mature for oil generation. “Cold” shales from the Qaim Member in the Akkas‐3 well may locally have good source rock potential, while samples from the upper part of the Qaim Member from the Akkas‐1 well have little source rock potential. Varied results from this interval may reflect source rock heterogeneity and limited sample coverage. Mineralogically, all the shale samples studied were dominated by clay minerals – illite and kaolinite with minor amounts of chlorite and illite mixed layers. Non‐clay minerals included quartz, carbonates, feldspars and pyrite along with rare apatite and anatase. Palaeoredox proxies confirmed the general link between anoxia and “hot” shale deposition; however, there was no clear relationship between TOC and U suggesting that another carrier of U could be present. Rare Earth Element (REE) contents suggested a slight change in sediment provenance during the deposition of the Akkas Formation. The presence of common micropores and fractures identified under SEM indicates that these shales could become potential unconventional reservoirs following hydraulic fracturing. Evidence for the dissolution of carbonate minerals was present along fractures, suggesting the possible passage of diagenetic fluids. Palynological analysis combined with existing graptolite studies support a Wenlock ‐ Pridoli/Ludlow age for the Akkas “hot”shales. This is younger than many other regional “hot shale” age estimates and warrants further detailed investigation.