Use of pressure insoles to compare in-shoe loading for modern running shoes

The primary objective of this paper was to compare in-shoe loading for different models of running shoe using measurements of force distribution. It was hypothesised that a shoe designed with minimal focus on cushioning would demonstrate significantly higher peak forces and rates of loading than running shoes designed with cushioning midsoles. Loading was compared using in-shoe peak forces for six footwear conditions. It was found that peak rate of loading at the heel provided clear distinctions between shoes. In support of the study hypothesis, the shoe with minimal focus on cushioning had a significantly higher rate of loading than all but one of the other test shoes. Data collected for midfoot and forefoot areas of the foot highlighted the importance of considering loading across the foot surface. The results of the present study demonstrate that pressure insoles provide a useful tool for the assessment of loading across the foot plantar surface for different footwear conditions. There are numerous models of running shoe for individuals to select from, with limited information available regarding the performance of the shoes during running. The current study demonstrates differences in loads across the foot plantar surface during running, indicating differences in performance for different footwear models.     

钢桁架连梁-联肢剪力墙耗能机理及抗震性能试验研究

对设置全钢桁架连梁和设置钢筋混凝土、钢桁架混合连梁的双层联肢剪力墙平面结构进行了拟动力试验和低周反复荷载试验,研究了不同工况地震波作用下剪力墙的时程响应,以及其破坏机理、承载力、滞回延性性能、耗能机理、刚度及强度退化机理。试验结果表明：全部设置钢桁架连梁的剪力墙的刚度分布合理,耗能机理及刚度强度退化机理符合联肢剪力墙抗震设计的要求。大震时,在保证较高耗能能力的同时能够维持较高的承载力和刚度,持续约束墙肢,抗震性能优于混凝土连梁联肢剪力墙体系,是一种较理想的连梁设置方案。     

新型基因枪微弹材料可行性初步研究-Ⅰ

基因枪在未来临床基因转导中很有前途,但目前所用微弹材料金、钨都属于重金属,其长期存在于人体的安全性尚无法估计。提出用羟基磷灰石(HAP)微粒来代替金或钨微粒,从理论上推导了这种取代的可行性,并报告了一种HAP微粒的制备及其负载DNA的研究结果。理论推导完全按照物理学方法进行。实验部分的方法:将稳定剂H以一定速度和比例滴入一定浓度的Ca(H2PO4)2溶液中,再按照一定的速度和比例滴入Ca(OH)2饱和溶液,期间或完成后超声处理一定时间,将所得HAP微粒溶液与亚精胺和DNA以一定比例和浓度在一定pH条件下混合。结论:所得HAP粒径值符合要求,并且能够高效负载DNA。     

多传感器的车辆装载状态动态监测方法

为了研究车辆装载状态实时监测方法,建立了路面随机高程激励仿真模型,并将其作为二自由度四参数的1/4车辆振动模型的输入激励。在不同运行工况下用SIMULINK对悬架动态特性进行仿真分析,得到悬架动行程与动载荷具有全局线性关系。基于悬架动态特性分析结果,提出了一种多传感器的车辆装载状态动态监测方法。以解放赛龙Ⅱ重型载货汽车为试验车、MC9S12XEP100单片机为车载终端,设计开发了车辆载荷动态监测预警系统平台,并进行了标定试验。在A等级路面、不同车速的状态下,采用预设货物滑移的方法进行了道路试验。试验结果表明:该方法实现了车辆装载状态的实时监测,为车辆行驶过程中装载状态异常监测预警提供了一种新方法。     

车辆装载长度测量系统研发

车辆超长会影响车辆的通过性与行驶安全性,为准确测量车辆装载长度,研发了基于红外光幕传感器和光电开关、单片机及超声波测距传感器的车辆装载长度测量系统,对系统的软件程序和硬件系统进行了设计和调试,搭建了高速公路入(出)口模拟平台,对所研发的系统进行实验验证,实验结果表明:该测量系统的测量精度较高,由于采用了双基准触发机制,解决了高速路入(出)口车辆排队情况下的车辆装载长度的准确测量,该系统可以应用到高速路入(出)口处,可以配合其他几何尺寸测量系统与称重系统对车辆的超限情况进行全面的检测。     

无线迁移工作流环境中功能片动态装载机制

从无线迁移工作流环境中资源受限的移动设备特性出发,提出一种基于功能片的动态装载机制,以实现大型迁移工作流程序在移动设备上的不降级运行.首先,给出了动态装载单元的定义,包括功能片、说明文档和控制块.控制块确定了功能片的状态;其次,设计并实现了FU的动态装载方案,包括功能片的读入、处理、调度、执行和卸载几个部分;最后,设计并实现了一个移动酒店预订系统来验证其合理性.     

Estimating the stresses in cantilever beam loaded by a parabolically distributed load with Airy stress functions

This study presents three mathematical methods namely the polynomial stress function approach, the Fourier series form approach and the approximated equations form approach for finding the stress distribution in a cantilever beam with rectangular cross section loaded by a parabolically distributed load. By taking the stress function as a polynomial of the seventh degree, it is attempted to find the coefficients either in complete or in full shape of the polynomial. In the Fourier series approach, the load is discreted to unlimited series of harmonic loads and superposing resultant stresses is the affect of parabolically distributed load on the beam. The resultant stresses are compared with some approximated stress formulas which have been provided before. Finite element analysis are done for square, short, medium and long cantilever beams and the mathematical results of stress distribution in five different height of the beam was compared with FEM results. It was found good results for τ _yy and τ _xy in all cross section of the beams and acceptable results for τ _xx only in y = 0. It is found that discreting loads to even a limit number of harmonic loads and superposing the resultant stresses can give the distribution of τ _yy and τ _xy with the acceptable precision in medium and long cantilever beams with rectangular cross section.     

A weight function-critical plane approach for low-cycle fatigue under variable amplitude multiaxial loading

Low‐cycle fatigue data of type 304 stainless steel obtained under axial‐torsional loading of variable amplitudes are analyzed using four multiaxial fatigue parameters: SWT, KBM, FS and LKN. Rainflow cycle counting and Morrow's plastic work interaction rule are used to calculate fatigue damage. The performance of a fatigue model is dependent on the fatigue parameter, the critical plane and the damage accumulation rule employed in the model. The conservatism and non‐conservatism of predicted lives are examined for some combinations of these variables. A new critical plane called the weight function‐critical plane is introduced for variable amplitude loading. This approach is found to improve the KBM‐based life predictions.     

Reliability analysis of TLP tethers under impulsive loading

In the present study, reliability assessment of Tension Leg Platform (TLP) tethers against maximum tension (i.e. tension exceeding yield) has been carried out under combined action of extreme wave and impulsive forces. For this purpose, a nonlinear dynamic analysis of TLP has been carried out in time domain. A limit state function for maximum tension (i.e. tension exceeding yield) has been derived employing Von-Mises theory of failure. Using this derived limit state function and responses obtained after dynamic analysis under sinusoidal, half-triangular and triangular impulsive forces, reliability assessment of the TLP tethers has been carried out. Design point, important for probabilistic design of tethers, has been located on the failure surface after solving a constrained optimization problem. To study the influence of various random variables on tether reliability, sensitivity analysis has been carried out. Effects of angle of impact; effect of variable submergence; and effect of material yield strength on tether reliability have also been studied on parametric basis. Effect of uncertainty on overall tether reliability has also been discussed to show the importance of quality control in the various design parameters.     

Fully plastic J-integral solutions for surface cracked plates under biaxial loading

In this paper, surface cracked plates under biaxial tension are studied. Three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analyses have been carried out to calculate the J-integral for surface cracked plate for a wide range of geometry, biaxiality and material properties. Fully plastic J-integral solutions along the front of the surface cracks are presented for Ramberg-Osgood power law hardening material of n = 3, 5, 10 and 15. Geometries considered are a/c = 0.2, 1.0 and a/t = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 and the biaxial ratios of 0, 0.5 and 1. Based on these results, the J-integral along the crack front for general elastic-plastic loading conditions can be estimated using the EPRI scheme. These solutions are suitable for fracture analyses for surface cracked plates under biaxial loading.