基于开关函数的LCC-HVDC输电系统谐波计算方法

电网中电力电子设备的增加所产生的谐波及其危害逐渐显现,并得到越来越多的重视,而换流器作为直流输电系统主要的谐波源,进一步对其进行谐波分析显得尤为重要。本文以电网换相换流器型直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统为研究对象,采用基于开关函数的谐波计算模型对特征谐波进行分析。首先,根据调制理论,建立了基于开关函数的交直流谐波计算方程,并根据LCC换流器的工作原理,分别求解了电压及电流的开关函数,然后通过对直流系统的结构进行分析,得到了直流系统等值谐波阻抗模型,在此基础上,结合交流侧的潮流分析,通过联立求解谐波方程,得到了LCC换流器交直流两侧的特征谐波,最后通过与PSCAD模型的仿真结果进行对比,证明了本文谐波计算方法的准确性和可行性。本文可以为电力系统谐波分析、谐波抑制等提供理论基础和方法参考。     

多孔纤维型重整微反应器的等效电阻网络建模

针对应用于重整制氢微反应器的复杂多孔金属纤维载体（PFS）的流速场高效分析难题,建立载体中随机微通道的等效电阻网络分析模型. 基于复杂随机纤维结构的统计网络模型,将纤维载体中三维联通的随机微通道结构及与之相连的进出口腔简化为规则的网络通道结构.借鉴基尔霍夫定律,建立纤维载体的等效电阻网络模型,并确定求解方法. 纤维载体流速场实例分析的结果表明,基于等效电阻网络模型求解的纤维载体流速场与计算流体力学(CFD)方法的结果之间的皮尔森相关系数约为98%,且求解效率约为CFD方法的2.9×10⁴倍. 研究成果为多孔纤维型重整制氢微反应器的设计制造提供了新的支撑方案.     

广域高效车用轴向磁通永磁同步电机的设计分析

针对车用驱动电机转矩和转速多变,运行范围宽广,需要提升电机在全域运行范围的高效率能量转换的问题,提出以高效率区间占比为设计目标的车用轴向磁通永磁电机设计方法。提出了考虑PWM供电影响的电机铁耗工程计算方法。基于等效磁网络法和集总参数热网络法构建了轴向磁通永磁同步电机的快速磁-热耦合设计模型,提高了车用轴向磁通永磁同步电机的设计精度。基于磁热耦合模型,分析了极弧系数、每槽导体数、气隙长度、永磁体尺寸、定子槽型尺寸等关键设计参数对车用轴向磁通永磁同步电机高效率区间占比的影响。设计并制造了样机一台,开展了电机效率和温升测试实验,获取了全域运行范围内的电机效率及电压分布,测试结果验证了磁热耦合模型和设计结果的有效性。     

hTERT-Driven Immortalization of RDEB Fibroblast and Keratinocyte Cell Lines Followed by Cre-Mediated Transgene Elimination

The recessive form of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a crippling disease caused by impairments in the junctions of the dermis and the basement membrane of the epidermis. Using ectopic expression of hTERT/hTERT + BMI-1 in primary cells, we developed expansible cultures of RDEB fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We showed that they display the properties of their founders, including morphology, contraction ability and expression of the respective specific markers including reduced secretion of type VII collagen (C7). The immortalized keratinocytes retained normal stratification in 3D skin equivalents. The comparison of secreted protein patterns from immortalized RDEB and healthy keratinocytes revealed the differences in the contents of the extracellular matrix that were earlier observed specifically for RDEB. We demonstrated the possibility to reverse the genotype of immortalized cells to the state closer to the progenitors by the Cre-dependent hTERT switch off. Increased β-galactosidase activity and reduced proliferation of fibroblasts were shown after splitting out of transgenes. We anticipate our cell lines to be tractable models for studying RDEB from the level of single-cell changes to the evaluation of 3D skin equivalents. Our approach permits the creation of standardized and expandable models of RDEB that can be compared with the models based on primary cell cultures.     

Telomere Length in Metaphase Chromosomes of Human Triploid Zygotes

The human lifespan is strongly influenced by telomere length (TL) which is defined in a zygote—when two highly specialised haploid cells form a new diploid organism. Although TL is a variable parameter, it fluctuates in a limited range. We aimed to establish the determining factors of TL in chromosomes of maternal and paternal origin in human triploid zygotes. Using Q-FISH, we examined TL in the metaphase chromosomes of 28 human triploid zygotes obtained from 22 couples. The chromosomes’ parental origin was identified immunocytochemically through weak DNA methylation and strong hydroxymethylation in the sperm-derived (paternal) chromosomes versus strong DNA methylation and weak hydroxymethylation in the oocyte-derived (maternal) ones. In 24 zygotes, one maternal and two paternal chromosome sets were identified, while the four remaining zygotes contained one paternal and two maternal sets. For each zygote, we compared mean relative TLs between parental chromosomes, identifying a significant difference in favour of the paternal chromosomes, which attests to a certain “imprinting” of these regions. Mean relative TLs in paternal or maternal chromosomes did not correlate with the respective parent’s age. Similarly, no correlation was observed between the mean relative TL and sperm quality parameters: concentration, progressive motility and normal morphology. Based on the comparison of TLs in chromosomes inherited from a single individual’s gametes with those in chromosomes inherited from different individuals’ gametes, we compared intraindividual (intercellular) and interindividual variability, obtaining significance in favour of the latter and thus validating the role of heredity in determining TL in zygotes. A comparison of the interchromatid TL differences across the chromosomes from sets of different parental origin with those from PHA-stimulated lymphocytes showed an absence of a significant difference between the maternal and paternal sets but a significant excess over the lymphocytes. Therefore, interchromatid TL differences are more pronounced in zygotes than in lymphocytes. To summarise, TL in human zygotes is determined both by heredity and parental origin; the input of other factors is possible within the individual’s reaction norm.     

基于矢量拟合法的永磁同步电机EMI模型

电动汽车中永磁同步电机常采用星型联结,因此建立星型联结的永磁同步电机高频阻抗模型是有必要的。首先,采用常见的电机EMI模型（π型）作为星型联结的永磁同步电机EMI模型,使用矢量拟合法推导电机EMI模型等效电路的阶数。在20 Hz~30 MHz范围内,永磁同步电机π型EMI模型的等效电路需要225个储能元件,为了降低电机EMI模型等效电路的复杂性,进一步分析了Γ型阻抗模型和反Γ型阻抗模型,将星型联结的永磁同步电机EMI模型的等效电路储能元件数降到56个。通过对比3种阻抗模型的端口阻抗特性,验证EMI模型优化方法的可行性。将电机EMI模型的等效电路代入电机驱动EMI仿真系统中进行时域仿真,仿真时域波形经EMI接收机模型处理得到噪声频谱。在150 kHz~30 MHz频率范围内,电动机驱动系统EMI接收机测试结果与仿真结果基本一致。     

Real-Time Monitoring the Effect of Cytopathic Hypoxia on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Barrier Functionality Using Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) Biosensor Technology

Disruption of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE barrier integrity is a hallmark feature of various retinal blinding diseases, including diabetic macular edema and age-related macular degeneration, but the underlying causes and pathophysiology are not completely well-defined. One of the most conserved phenomena in biology is the progressive decline in mitochondrial function with aging leading to cytopathic hypoxia, where cells are unable to use oxygen for energy production. Therefore, this study aimed to thoroughly investigate the role of cytopathic hypoxia in compromising the barrier functionality of RPE cells. We used Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) system to monitor precisely in real time the barrier integrity of RPE cell line (ARPE-19) after treatment with various concentrations of cytopathic hypoxia-inducing agent, Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl₂). We further investigated how the resistance across ARPE-19 cells changes across three separate parameters: R_b (the electrical resistance between ARPE-19 cells), α (the resistance between the ARPE-19 and its substrate), and C_m (the capacitance of the ARPE-19 cell membrane). The viability of the ARPE-19 cells and mitochondrial bioenergetics were quantified with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and seahorse technology, respectively. ECIS measurement showed that CoCl₂ reduced the total impedance of ARPE-19 cells in a dose dependent manner across all tested frequencies. Specifically, the ECIS program’s modelling demonstrated that CoCl₂ affected R_b as it begins to drastically decrease earlier than α or C_m, although ARPE-19 cells’ viability was not compromised. Using seahorse technology, all three concentrations of CoCl₂ significantly impaired basal, maximal, and ATP-linked respirations of ARPE-19 cells but did not affect proton leak and non-mitochondrial bioenergetic. Concordantly, the expression of a major paracellular tight junction protein (ZO-1) was reduced significantly with CoCl_2-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that the ARPE-19 cells have distinct dielectric properties in response to cytopathic hypoxia in which disruption of barrier integrity between ARPE-19 cells precedes any changes in cells’ viability, cell-substrate contacts, and cell membrane permeability. Such differences can be used in screening of selective agents that improve the assembly of RPE tight junction without compromising other RPE barrier parameters.     

基于阻抗网络模型的多变流器直流微电网小扰动稳定性分析

大量新能源设备与负荷通过电力电子变流器接入直流微电网,导致多变流器直流微电网(MCDCM)的小干扰稳定性面临严峻挑战,且使用传统阻抗比与状态空间模型分析MCDCM时存在一定的局限性.基于变流器端口的阻抗特性,建立MCDCM的阻抗网络模型与具有开环稳定特性的负反馈系统,并将阻抗网络模型应用于直流微电网的稳定性判别与设计.一个包含6个变流器的MCDCM的时域仿真结果验证了该方法在MCDCM稳定性判别与设计中的优势.     

触变成形镁合金的热处理研究

介绍了触变成形镁合金的热处理研究现状以及合金元素在热处理过程中的作用,热处理过程中的析出相形态、数量以及在基体中的分布与合金的力学性能有着密切的联系.     

THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON BY-ONLY-CURRENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION OF INCLUSION FROM MOLTEN METALS

The electromagnetic field under applied AC and DC current in round and rectangular pipe was systematically investigated, then a concept of "equivalent current density" was proposed for evaluating the inhomogeneous electromagnetic pinch force, and the mono-component removal efficiency and the overall removal efficiency of inclusion were formulated. It is founded that flat pipe is superior to round pipe for the electromagnetic removal of inclusion, and DC current can get a higher removal efficiency than A C current due to absence of skin phenomenon. Under usual condition, a removal efficiency of 52% for 10μm inclusion or more than 92% for 20μm inclusion can be achieved by imposing a current density of 3×106A/m2 in a flat pipe.