硫化物改质对20MnCr5齿轮钢夹杂物和切削性能的影响

 齿轮钢广泛应用于汽车、机械等传动系统,易切削化是提高齿轮加工效率、降低制造成本的主要途径之一。提高钢中硫元素含量是改善齿轮钢切削性能的有效方式,然而过多的硫元素在轧制时会形成条带状MnS,增大钢的各向异性,因此需要对硫化物进行改制处理。分别采用Ca处理和Mg处理两种方式对20MnCr5齿轮钢进行硫化物改质,通过对力学性能、组织形态、夹杂物分布以及切削性能等表征,对比分析不同改制方式对材料的影响。结果表明,Ca处理和Mg处理后试验钢的强度和塑性保持一致,而Mg处理试样的晶粒尺寸较小,因而韧性较高。Ca处理试验钢中MnS夹杂物数量较多,长条状夹杂物比例相对较高;而采用Mg处理可以有效降低钢中夹杂物的数量,夹杂物平均尺寸有所增大,同时小长径比夹杂物数量增多,但是复合氧化物型夹杂物的数量也有所增加。在240~280 m/min条件下进行了干切削试验,结果表明两种试验钢均出现前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损和边界磨损,其中Ca处理试样的刀具磨损较为严重,同时在较高切削速度下出现了积屑瘤和崩角现象,而Mg处理试样则具有更长的刀具使用寿命,对切削速度的敏感性也较低。分析可知,Mg处理后钢中存在较多的大尺寸球状硫化物夹杂物,提高了应力集中效应,更有利于改善切削性能,因而改制效果更好。     

Energy transfer and luminescent properties of Tb3+ and Tb3+, Yb3+ doped CNGG phosphors

In this work, calcium niobium gallium garnet (Ca₃Nb_1.6875Ga_3.1875O₁₂ - CNGG) ceramic samples single-doped with Tb³⁺ and co-doped with Tb³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions were sintered by the solid-state reaction method. The structural characterization of the samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction measurements. The optimal concentration of Tb³⁺ ions corresponding to the maximum luminescence in the green spectral range in CNGG:x at% Tb (x = 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) was determined to be 4 at%. The time-resolved luminescence of the ⁵D₄ level (Tb³⁺) in the CNGG:x at% Tb samples was analysed to explore the quenching mechanisms involved in the Tb³⁺ green emission. Co-doped CNGG:4 at% Tb,y at% Yb (y = 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) ceramics were prepared and investigated. It is shown that CNGG:4 at% Tb,y at% Yb phosphors exhibit intense green luminescence under ultra-violet (UV), visible (VIS), and near-infrared (NIR) excitation, thus demonstrating the presence of simultaneous down-conversion (DC) and up-conversion (UC) processes. The dependence of the UC luminescence intensity on the diode laser pumping power was measured and the results indicate a two-photon process based on cooperative energy transfer (CET). Under UV excitation, the lifetime of the ⁵D₄ (Tb³⁺) level slowly increases with increase of Yb³⁺ concentration, suggesting the energy transfer from Yb³⁺ to Tb³⁺ ions, while under NIR excitation, the lifetime of the ⁵D₄ (Tb³⁺) level decreases with increase of Yb³⁺ ions concentration, indicating the presence of a strong energy transfer from Tb³⁺ to Yb³⁺ ions. The highest energy transfer efficiency of ηET ≈42% was determined for the CNGG:4 at% Tb,10 at% Yb sample. The obtained results indicate that CNGG:(Tb³⁺, Yb³⁺) could be efficient new yellowish-green-emitting phosphors.     

马钢直弧型板坯连铸机的设计

介绍了马钢 2 5 0 mm× 1 40 0 mm直弧型坯连铸机设计指导思想、连铸机主要技术性能指标、工艺流程、设备组成及采取的技术措施 :无氧化浇注 ,连续弯曲矫直 ,二冷区气雾冷却及自动控制 ,在线短定尺二次切割 ,对称式双向出坯 ,防止测量基准移位和台阶式对弧样板等。     

变速器螺纹板切槽模设计

介绍了螺纹板切槽模的设计，以及模具中易损部件的结构和固定方式，不需从压力机上拆卸模具，就可完成易损部件的更换修理，从而提高模具及设备使用效率，降低生产成本。     

基于FANUC数控系统实现刀具寿命管理

文章结合HARDINGE数控车床实例，介绍了如何利用FANUC18T数控系统中提供的计数器跟踪刀具加工的次数，通过新增一个刀具寿命管理功能模块的PMC子程序，为用户提供一个友好、可视、便捷的刀具寿命管理功能。对今后类似的设备功能设计和改进都具有实际的指导意义和参考价值。     

Microstructure and properties of cutting magnesium-brass containing no lead

1 INTRODUCTIONLead-brass has excellent cutting ability , me-chanical and physical properties and is one of themost widely used copper alloys . The occupationratio of brass tube to all kinds of tubes reaches90 % in developed countries . The cutting lead-brass is a dual-phase brass and fine lead particlesdistribute dispersivelyin grains and on grain boun-ries . Theleadin wasted brass can easily beleachedand dissolvedinto soil .If the wasted lead-brass isburned in air ,the lead will become p…     

模具型腔加工参数的优化问题

首先阐述了在CAD CAM集成环境下编制数控加工工艺的过程以及优化加工参数的必要性 ,接着 ,分析了需要优化的加工参数。文章详细阐述了优化模型的建立和算法设计问题     

DK7725A型电火花线切割机操作技巧及加工工艺分析

针对DK7725A型高速走丝线切割机床在加工特殊工件时存在的一些问题进行了分析,从工件的装夹,加工参数、加工速度的设置,操作规范的应用,以及降低断丝几率等加工技巧方面进行了详细的讨论,提出了相应的改进措施,从而有利于提高加工质量和加工的稳定性.     

水射流技术的应用研究

水射流是一项迅速崛起的新技术、新工艺,随着其参数(压力、流量、功率等)与喷射形式的不同,它可应用于许多方面.本文介绍了水射流在喷水推进、水雾灭火和射流切割、粉碎、表面清洗等方面的应用,并详细分析了其优点及应用机理.     

高速切削机床中的磁轴承

高效化是机械制造的永恒主题之一。本文简介了高速切削的理论依据及其优点，分析了磁悬浮轴承的原理、特点以及磁浮轴承在高速切削机床上的应用情况，从而说明了磁浮轴是高速切削机床最理想的轴承之一。