空间目标非灾难性撞击毁伤模型研究

针对空间目标在动能杀伤飞行器（kinetic kill vehicle,KKV）非灾难性撞击下的毁伤模型进行研究。对弹目撞击想定进行分析,结合NASA撞击解体判据,着眼KKV小型化发展趋势,指出广义顺轨拦截能够有效避免目标灾难性解体,减轻撞击事件对空间环境的污染;对目标易损性进行分析,基于目标功能构型建立目标毁伤树模型,以密度等效原则建立目标多层板靶等效模型;以THOR方程预估射弹侵彻效能;从部件物理毁坏和功能衰减2方面建立目标毁伤概率模型;进行仿真案例分析。算例结果表明：非灾难性撞击足以有效毁伤目标。     

基于Euler-Bernoulli方程微悬臂梁弛豫分析

为探讨微机电系统中悬臂梁结构弛豫动力学特性,本文基于Euler-Bernoulli方程,计入空气滑膜阻尼对悬臂梁弛豫过程的影响,采用分离变量法导出悬臂梁挠度弛豫表达式;给出临界阻尼、过阻尼、欠阻尼梁挠度弛豫算例;利用ANSYS中瑞利阻尼模型对微悬臂梁临界阻尼、过阻尼、欠阻尼弛豫进行仿真,挠度弛豫过程在梁固定端附近与理论差异较大,仿真数据与理论偏差随挠度增加.     

辨识方法的计算效率(1):递推算法

算法的计算量可用其乘法运算次数和加法运算次数表示(除法作为乘法对待,减法作为加法对待).一次乘法运算或一次加法运算称为一个flop,即一次浮点运算.作为"辨识方法的计算效率"系列3篇连载论文的第1篇,主要了讨论递推辨识算法的计算量,包括向量和矩阵基本运算的flop数,以及线性回归系统、多元线性回归系统、多变量系统的随机梯度辨识算法、最小二乘辨识算法、递推最小二乘辨识算法的最经济计算量,即实现算法的最少flop数.     

水沙动力学适用牛顿流体的基本方程

通过改进蔡树棠两相流基本方程的相间阻力项,建立能够进行二维解析研究的水沙动力学基本方程.该研究给出沙相压力和沙相粘性切应力的学科定义,以及它们的本构关系.对于牛顿流体,当输沙稳定时,挟沙水流的能坡与清水并无差别.沙相压力的二阶导数不为零是泥沙扩散条件,也是凹岸冲、凸岸淤自然现象的力学本质.蔡树棠方程隐含着流体的粘性切应力按运动组成可以分解或叠加的物理性质.正是这个结构性特点,给了解答浑水粘性这个古老的力学难题的方法,使我们能够完整地推导出牛顿流体沙相运动学粘滞系数vs公式;推导并证明了浑水综合粘滞系数μm=εv+ svνs,而不是习惯使用的μm=v+svvs.探讨了影响vs值的一些复杂因素,如颗粒表面束缚水的影响.本文研究能够证明:对分散相应用连续介质原理不仅可行,且是遵从压力传递规律惟一的正确方法.而揭示粘性切应力的结构性,在多相流和流变学领域具有深远的意义.     

基于盈亏平衡的农村饮水安全工程运行管理经济效益分析

农村饮水安全工程供水效益差,运行管理难以维持,而工程能够长效运行的前提是收入大于正常运行成本。在对影响农村饮水安全工程收入和运行成本相关因素的变化进行分析的基础上,模拟9个情景,运用盈亏平衡分析法对调查数据进行经济评价,得出影响农村饮水安全工程运行经济效果的主要问题,提出提高农村饮水安全工程运行效率的对策和建议。     

Numerical implementation of the asymptotic boundary conditions for steadily propagating 2D solitons of Boussinesq type equations

In the present paper, a difference scheme on a non-uniform grid is constructed for the stationary propagating localized waves of the 2D Boussinesq equation in an infinite region. Using an argument stemming form a perturbation expansion for small wave phase speeds, the asymptotic decay of the wave profile is identified as second-order algebraic. For algebraically decaying solution a new kind of nonlocal boundary condition is derived, which allows to rigorously project the asymptotic boundary condition at the boundary of a finite-size computational box. The difference approximation of this condition together with the bifurcation condition complete the algorithm. Numerous numerical validations are performed and it is shown that the results comply with the second-order estimate for the truncation error even at the boundary lines of the grid. Results are obtained for different values of the so-called ‘rotational inertia’ and for different subcritical phase speeds. It is found that the limits of existence of the 2D solution roughly correspond to the similar limits on the phase speed that ensure the existence of subcritical 1D stationary propagating waves of the Boussinesq equation.     

A regularization method for a Cauchy problem of Laplace's equation in an annular domain

In this paper, we propose a new regularization method based on a finite-dimensional subspace generated from fundamental solutions for solving a Cauchy problem of Laplace's equation in an annular domain. Based on a conditional stability for the Cauchy problem of Laplace's equation, we obtain a convergence estimate under the suitable choice of a regularization parameter and an a-priori bound assumption on the solution. A numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method from both accuracy and stability.     

Physiological responses to simulated firefighter exercise protocols in varying environments

For decades, research to quantify the effects of firefighting activities and personal protective equipment on physiology and biomechanics has been conducted in a variety of testing environments. It is unknown if these different environments provide similar information and comparable responses. A novel Firefighting Activities Station, which simulates four common fireground tasks, is presented for use with an environmental chamber in a controlled laboratory setting. Nineteen firefighters completed three different exercise protocols following common research practices. Simulated firefighting activities conducted in an environmental chamber or live-fire structures elicited similar physiological responses (max heart rate: 190.1 vs 188.0 bpm, core temperature response: 0.047°C/min vs 0.043°C/min) and accelerometry counts. However, the response to a treadmill protocol commonly used in laboratory settings resulted in significantly lower heart rate (178.4 vs 188.0 bpm), core temperature response (0.037°C/min vs 0.043°C/min) and physical activity counts compared with firefighting activities in the burn building.

Practitioner Summary: We introduce a new approach for simulating realistic firefighting activities in a controlled laboratory environment for ergonomics assessment of fire service equipment and personnel. Physiological responses to this proposed protocol more closely replicate those from live-fire activities than a traditional treadmill protocol and are simple to replicate and standardise.