近20年塔里木河干流生态环境变化遥感监测分析

针对塔里木河流域综合治理后生态环境的变化状况及植被的恢复状况等热点问题,基于遥感时空变化分析方法从土地利用、地表水体和植被覆盖度的时空变化方面分析了近20年来塔里木河干流生态环境的变化状况。结果表明:(1)塔里木河干流土地利用受到人类活动的影响显著,自2000年以来,塔里木河干流耕地面积增加显著,净增2 229 km~2,草地面积整体下降,萎缩3 157 km~2;(2)综合治理以来,下游河段2009—2018时段水体出现频率明显高于2000—2008时段,水体出现频率提高约15%;(3)2000年以来,塔里木河流域的植被覆盖度持续增加,特别是下游河段植被覆盖度增加明显,覆盖度增加18%。但中、上游流域的植被覆盖度的增加趋势主要贡献来源于耕地,中上游地区耕地的增加仍会对塔里木河流域的生态保护和恢复造成一定的影响。     

3D human pose estimation in motion based on multi-stage regression

3D human pose estimation in motion is a hot research direction in the field of computer vision. However, the performance of the algorithm is affected by the complexity of 3D spatial information, self-occlusion of human body, mapping uncertainty and other problems. In this paper, we propose a 3D human joint localization method based on multi-stage regression depth network and 2D to 3D point mapping algorithm. First of all, we use a single RGB image as the input, through the introduction of heatmap and multi-stage regression to constantly optimize the coordinates of human joint points. Then we input the 2D joint points into the mapping network for calculation, and get the coordinates of 3D human body joint points, and then to complete the 3D human body pose estimation task. The MPJPE of the algorithm in Human3.6 M dataset is 40.7. The evaluation of dataset shows that our method has obvious advantages.     

Safe and intuitive manual guidance of a robot manipulator using adaptive admittance control towards robot agility

Key areas of robot agility include methods that increase capability and flexibility of industrial robots and facilitate robot re-tasking. Manual guidance can achieve robot agility effectively, provided that a safe and smooth interaction is guaranteed when the user exerts an external force on the end effector. We approach this by designing an adaptive admittance law that can adjust its parameters to modify the robot compliance in critical areas of the workspace, such as near and on configuration singularities, joint limits, and workspace limits, for a smooth and safe operation. Experimental validation was done with two tests: a constraint activation test and a 3D shape tracing task. In the first one, we validate the proper response to constraints and in the second one, we compare the proposed approach with different admittance parameter tuning strategies using a drawing task where the user is asked to guide the robot to trace a 3D profile with an accuracy or speed directive and evaluate performance considering path length error and execution time as metrics, and a questionnaire for user perception. Results show that appropriate response to individual and simultaneous activation of the aforementioned constraints for a safe and intuitive manual guidance interaction is achieved and that the proposed parameter tuning strategy has better performance in terms of accuracy, execution time, and subjective evaluation of users.     

核电厂重要人员动作分析与人因工程相结合研究

人因工程(HFE)是人机接口的复杂的系统工程。在核电厂(NPP)中,重要人员动作分析和人因工程管理之间具有紧密联系。人因工程/人机接口(HSI)活动能够为重要人员动作分析提供输人,用于识别电厂关键人员动作和风险重要人员动作。重要人员动作分析能够确定对电厂安全和可靠性至关重要的电厂情景、人员操作等,为人因工程/人机接口设计提供参考。对人因工程和重要人员动作分析相结合过程进行研究,基于NUREC-0711建立一套二者相结合的方法体系,详细阐述二者结合要点及实施流程。最后结合实际电厂给出工程应用实例,并通过概率安全评价(PSA)定量评价方法给出分析结果。该方法能够为核电厂重要人员动作识别及人因工程设计优化提供参考,提高电厂安全性和可靠性。     

Human error identification in human reliability assessment. Part 2: Detailed comparison of techniques

This is the second part of a two-part review of human error identification (HEI) approaches in human reliability assessment (HRA). Part 1 reviewed the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) context in which HRA occurs, and then detailed 12 HEI techniques which have evolved in the field of HRA. Part 2 attempts to compare the way these techniques perform against a range of criteria relevant to HEI theoretical and empirical validity, and practical usefulness in applied HRA. It is hoped that these comparisons will help assessors in the selection of techniques for practical applications. The comparisons also point to research and development needs in the area of applied HEI.     

小波域最小嵌入失真函数设计及其在隐写中的应用

为了提高隐写方案的安全性,提出一种基于最小嵌入失真原理和网格码的图像隐写算法。首先在离散小波域结合人眼视觉特性和整数提升小波变换设计了失真测度函数,主要考虑了亮度、频率和纹理掩蔽因子对载体失真的影响。然后结合网格码设计了隐写算法,将嵌入信息对载体的修改最小化并且集中在人眼不敏感区域。实验结果显示,方案具有良好的视觉不可见性,且能抵抗空域、小波域等隐写分析的攻击,安全容量达到0.4 bits/pixel。     

用质子激发X射线分析方法进行人发微量元素的分析研究

一、序言 质子激发X射线分析方法是瑞典人约翰逊在1970年首先提出来的。由于它具有灵敏度高、取样少、无损伤、快速、适用范围广等特点,使它在十余年中在生物医学、环境科学、地质、冶金、考古学和法学等领域得到了广泛的应用。我们应用质子激发X射线分析方法分析了人发中的微量元素。     

Auditory signals in military aircraft: ergonomics principles versus practice

The complete ensembles of auditory signals in selected USAF aircraft (the F-4D, F-15, two models of the F-16, the C-5, and the C-141) are described and evaluated. Human factors research related to the design of speech and non-speech auditory signals is reviewed. Major findings are: that auditory signals are not well standardised among the aircraft, even between those with similar combat roles; that a relatively large number of non-speech auditory signals are used, which may make it difficult for the aircrew to recall the meanings of all the signals; that some non-speech signals are sufficiently similar that they may be confused, particularly in high workload and stressful conditions; and that the criticality of the warnings is not reliably indicated by any characteristic of the signals. Four problem areas requiring further research are discussed: reduction of signal loudness, enhancement of the distinctiveness and masking resistance of non-speech signals, effects of concurrent warning signals on aircrew performance, and additional uses of auditory information.     

The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades

Little is known about the effects on hyaluronan (HA) metabolism of UVA radiation. This study demonstrates that the secretion of HA by human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is downregulated by UVA, accompanied by the down- and upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of the HA-synthesizing enzyme (HAS2) and the HA-degrading protein, HYaluronan Binding protein Involved in HA Depolymerization(HYBID), respectively. Signaling analysis revealed that the exposure distinctly elicits activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1 axis, the JNK/c-Jun axis, and the p38/ATF-2 axis, but downregulates the phosphorylation of NF-kB and JAK/STAT3. A signal inhibition study demonstrated that the inhibition of p38 significantly abrogates the UVA-accentuated mRNA level of HYBID. Furthermore, the inhibition of STAT3 significantly downregulates the level of HAS2 mRNA in non-UVA exposed HDFs. Analysis using siRNAs demonstrated that transfection of ATF-2 siRNA but not c-Fos siRNA abrogates the increased protein level of HYBID in UVA-exposed HDFs. An inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase but not of protein serine/threonine phosphatase restored the diminished phosphorylation level of STAT3 at Tyr 705, accompanied by a significant abolishing effect on the decreased mRNA expression level of HAS2. Silencing with a protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-Meg2 siRNA revealed that it abrogates the decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr 705 in UVA-exposed HDFs. These findings suggest that the UVA-induced decrease in HA secretion by HDFs is attributable to the down- and upregulation of HAS2 and HYBID expression, respectively, changes that are mainly ascribed to the inactivated signaling of the STAT3 axis due to the activated tyrosine protein phosphatase PTP-Meg2 and the activated signaling of the p38/ATF2 axis, respectively.