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71.
This study shows the connection between the morphological structure of transferred films and the chemical composition of the monolayer before transfer. The stability of a behenic acid monolayer depends on the linked influence of the type of cation and of the pH value in the aqueous subphase. The stability of the monolayer is assessed by the expansion of the solid-packed state and by the relaxation time. Its integrity is characterized by the number of crystal defects which appear in transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films as seen through Nomarski microscope observations. Both stability and integrity are greatly improved when Cd2+ or Mn2+are added to the subphase at pH 5.75 and 6 respectively. In these conditions, the transfer is very efficient and the LB films thus obtained are of very high quality. The pH values of the subphase at which the molecules of behenic acid are transformed into bivalent salts differ significantly according to the nature of the cation involved. Comparing infrared spectra of the LB films, it appeared that the relative amount of acid/salt found in the monolayer was practically the same with a subphase containing either Cd2+ at pH 5.75 or Mn2+ at pH 6. This suggests that the ratio of acidic and salt forms would be a key parameter for obtaining high-quality LB films. 相似文献
72.
In the power transformer, the presence of polar or charged species in the insulating oil can cause failure and electric discharges. Solid substrates such as silica can be used to extract the polar species and to refine the oil in order to prevent future failure in the power transformer. However, the use of silica for petroleum oil separation and refining will depend on the silica characteristics such as surface charge, surface composition, specific surface area and particle size.Various pyrogenic silicas having various specific surface areas (49-200 m2 g−1) and particle sizes (207-500 nm) were used to extract the polar fractions from the neat transformer insulating oils (a new, NO, and used, UO2, oils). The oil covered silica samples were investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy in the range 4000-600 cm−1. The bare silica surfaces present two main hydroxyl components, a sharper peak at 3745 cm−1, I3745, due to isolated silanols and a second broad, which spreads over 3745-3000 cm−1, I3745-3000, due to H-bonded silanols. The relative intensities of the two components, I3745/I3745-3000, varied for the bare and the oil covered silicas depending on the solid surface characteristics. The adsorption of the NO polar fraction onto silica leads to strong reduction in intensity of the sharper peak in favour of the broad one. However, the adsorption of the UO2 polar fraction onto silica leads in all cases to the decrease in the intensity of the both silica OH components. Further, the UO2 adsorption on the silica leads to the apparition of a broad peak at low frequency in the region 3250-3300 cm−1 which, is due to the associated phenolic groups of UO2 oil polar fraction. The analysis of the DRIFT spectra for various samples indicates that the oil polar fraction resembles to asphaltenes compounds.The microelectrophoresis method used to investigate the surface charge at the water/oil polar fraction covered silica interface, indicates negatively charged particles. Further, the negative charge increased with the pH, as resulting from the increase of the ionisation and/or the amount of the oil polar carboxylic and phenolic groups. The oil polar fraction, i.e. the asphaltene components, in contact with both the silica surface and water at high pH values rearrange, due to their amphiphilic character.Finally, the use of the silica substrates seems to be suited to extract and analyse polar species present in petroleum oil. A correlation is found between the nature of the oil, its functionalities, and the magnitude of its zeta potential value at the water/oil covered silica interface. 相似文献
73.
M. J. Vissenberg P. W. de Bont E. M. van Oers R. A. de Haan E. Boellaard A. M. van der Kraan V. H. J. de Beer R. A. van Santen 《Catalysis Letters》1996,40(1-2):25-29
Ion exchanged CoNaY was sulfided at 473 and 673 K and subsequently heated in He at 673 and 773 K. The resulting samples were characterized by means of overall sulfur analysis, temperature programmed Ar treatment and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that during He flushing at sufficiently high temperature a protolysis reaction occurs resulting in the decomposition of Co sulfide into Co2+ ions and H2S. 相似文献
74.
Modified Imidazoles: Degradation Inhibitors and Adhesion Promoters for Polyimide Films on Copper Substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polyimide films on copper substrates that are exposed to elevated temperatures and an oxidizing environment will be subject to degradation. In order to halt this degradation without changing the properties of the system, a polymeric agent could be placed between the polyimide and the copper. This paper will investigate three such materials that will not only slow down the degradation of the polyimide and the oxidation of the copper, but will also improve adhesion within the system. Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS) will be used to investigate the polyimide/polymeric agent/copper system. 相似文献
75.
钨系延期药预点火反应机理研究 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
通过程控升温模拟点火条件,根据DSC图谱分析,找出主要反应区的温度范围。研究结果表明,钨系延期药预点火反应是一个真正的固-固反应。 相似文献
76.
系统地研究了MgF2衬底上类金刚石薄膜的折射率和生长速率与淀积工艺之间的关系,在MgF2衬底上成功地设计并制备了红外增透和保护膜。理论与实验研究表明,类金刚石薄膜使MgF2的红外透过率提高3%以上是完全可靠的,但起红外增透和保护是作用的统一性问题仍有待进一步研究。 相似文献
77.
78.
高灵敏度热释电摄象管红外电视系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对热释电摄象管(PEV)在传统的对称斩波模式下存在的各种问题,设计了一种新的非对称斩波模式PEV红外电视系统.通过提高PEV摄象机的温度响应率R_i和采用高去噪声信号处理系统,大大改善了PEV红外成象系统的性能. 相似文献
79.
The model gives the temperature and moisture distributions of the air, and of the moist sheet, as a function of time and distance in the dryer. The influence of the sheet's velocity and that of the radiant energy on the dryer performance as well as the effect of the moisture content of the entering sheet have been studied. A set of 27 experiments was carried out using the infrared dryer in order to calibrate the model. In these, the following three variables each had three operational levels: web velocity, initial web moisture and heating power. The model predictions agreed very well with the experimental data. Model predictions using arithmetic averages for the parameters, and parameters correlated with operational variables, are also presented and discussed. 相似文献
80.