响应面法优化复合果味柿子果冻工艺研究

该研究以柿子为主要原料,与椰浆粉、百香果果粉、金桔果粉按质量比2∶2∶1复配制成的混合果粉汁(浓度2%)进行混合,采用卡拉胶、魔芋胶复配作为凝胶剂,以感官评分作为评价指标,对柿浆与复合果粉汁比例、胶的复配比例及添加量、白砂糖添加量等因素及水平进行探究。通过单因素试验和响应面法分析,得出复合柿子果冻的最佳配方:柿浆与复合果粉汁比例为质量比6∶4,卡拉胶与魔芋胶的配比为质量比3∶1,复配胶添加总量为1.4%,混合果汁添加量为25%,白砂糖添加量为14%,柠檬酸添加量为0.13%。采用此配方制得的复合柿子果冻具有协调的宜人果香,酸甜适中,质地均匀有弹性。     

鞭打绣球多糖生产天然低糖果冻的效果

从半野生植物鞭打绣球中提取的天然多糖（简称ＮＰＳ多糖）,具有无毒、可食、速溶于水和在酸性条件下自成凝胶的特点,利用它的这一特性,本文研究了以ＮＰＳ多糖为原料生产天然低糖果冻的可行性和产品适性,提出了以ＮＩＥ多糖为原料加工低糖果冻的最佳工艺配方：ＮＰＳ多糖为１．５％、白砂糖为８．０％、柠檬酸为０．５５％,食用香精为０．１％,水８９％,采用此配方生产出的果冻质量最佳。     

桂圆桂花果冻的研制

以桂圆、桂花作为主要原料制作桂圆桂花果冻。在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,以感官评定和凝胶特性参数为指标获得桂圆桂花果冻的原料和凝胶剂配方。试验结果表明桂圆桂花果冻的凝胶剂最佳配方为:魔芋胶添加量0.5%,黄原胶添加量0.20%,卡拉胶添加量0.3%;桂圆桂花果冻最佳配方为:蜜渍桂花添加量3.5%,桂圆添加量3.5%,白砂糖添加量2%。所得果冻色泽金黄,香气浓郁,口感协调且富有弹性。     

天然气净化装置胶状堵塞物形成原因与机理研究

胶状堵塞物影响装置正常运行是天然气净化过程中的生产难题,为了解决此问题,开展了胶状堵塞物形成原因研究。通过进行胶状堵塞物组成分析、胶状物形成与分解实验、胶状物形成机理研究实验,明确了长链羧酸与钠离子是导致胶状堵塞物形成的关键组分,提出了胶状堵塞物形成机理:脱硫溶液中的C12及C12以上的长链羧酸钠形成胶束后,胶束的相对分子质量达到10 000以上,胶束间的吸引力足够大而相互连接;另一方面,长链羧酸钠部分电离使胶束表面带负电,各胶束因带相同电荷而相互排斥。当胶束间排斥力与吸引力达到平衡时,胶束不再自由运动,被束缚在相对固定的位置,形成立体三维网状结构将水溶液包住使其失去流动性,呈半固体状。     

Vascular Remodeling of Clinically Used Patches and Decellularized Pericardial Matrices Recellularized with Autologous or Allogeneic Cells in a Porcine Carotid Artery Model

Background: Cardiovascular surgery is confronted by a lack of suitable materials for patch repair. Acellular animal tissues serve as an abundant source of promising biomaterials. The aim of our study was to explore the bio-integration of decellularized or recellularized pericardial matrices in vivo. Methods: Porcine (allograft) and ovine (heterograft, xenograft) pericardia were decellularized using 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate ((1) Allo-decel and (2) Xeno-decel). We used two cell types for pressure-stimulated recellularization in a bioreactor: autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) isolated from subcutaneous fat of pigs ((3) Allo-ASC and (4) Xeno-ASC) and allogeneic Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJCs) ((5) Allo-WJC and (6) Xeno-WJC). These six experimental patches were implanted in porcine carotid arteries for one month. For comparison, we also implanted six types of control patches, namely, arterial or venous autografts, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE Propaten^® Gore^®), polyethylene terephthalate (PET Vascutek^®), chemically stabilized bovine pericardium (XenoSure^®), and detoxified porcine pericardium (BioIntegral^® NoReact^®). The grafts were evaluated through the use of flowmetry, angiography, and histological examination. Results: All grafts were well-integrated and patent with no signs of thrombosis, stenosis, or aneurysm. A histological analysis revealed that the arterial autograft resembled a native artery. All other control and experimental patches developed neo-adventitial inflammation (NAI) and neo-intimal hyperplasia (NIH), and the endothelial lining was present. NAI and NIH were most prominent on XenoSure^® and Xeno-decel and least prominent on NoReact^®. In xenografts, the degree of NIH developed in the following order: Xeno-decel > Xeno-ASC > Xeno-WJC. NAI and patch resorption increased in Allo-ASC and Xeno-ASC and decreased in Allo-WJC and Xeno-WJC. Conclusions: In our setting, pre-implant seeding with ASC or WJC had a modest impact on vascular patch remodeling. However, ASC increased the neo-adventitial inflammatory reaction and patch resorption, suggesting accelerated remodeling. WJC mitigated this response, as well as neo-intimal hyperplasia on xenografts, suggesting immunomodulatory properties.     

卡拉胶对莲子果冻凝胶特性及储藏品质的影响

目的 优化莲子果冻的制备工艺,并探究卡拉胶对莲子果冻凝胶特性及储藏品质的影响。方法 在单因素实验的基础上,通过感官评价、质构分析、低场核磁、傅里叶红外光谱和微生物平板计数法,对莲子果冻的理化指标和微生物指标进行测定。结果 当莲子泥、黄冰糖和白凉粉的添加量分别为16%、4%和14%时,莲子果冻的感官评分最高。卡拉胶的添加可以提高果冻凝胶的强度和保水性。当卡拉胶的添加量为0.6%时,莲子果冻的硬度最好、弹性最佳。卡拉胶有序的双螺旋结构可以增强凝胶网络对水分子的束缚,降低果冻的横向弛豫时间,减少体系中的自由水分布。傅里叶红外光谱证明,卡拉胶通过氢键相互作用与蛋白质分子发生交联。莲子蛋白的二级结构随着卡拉胶的添加而发生改变,蛋白质的α-螺旋向β-折叠和β-转角转化,有利于促进凝胶网络的形成。适量的添加卡拉胶有助于提高果冻的持水能力,延长产品的货架期。莲子果冻经过20天的储藏,其微生物指标均符合国家标准。结论 卡拉胶的添加有助于改善以莲子泥、黄冰糖和白凉粉为主要原料的果冻产品的品质,研究结果对于莲子产业发展和新型功能食品的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

Preparation of medicinal petroleum Jelly using local petroleum Waxes

Petroleum waxes are mainly derived from paraffinic crudes. These waxes must be removed from lubricant base oils through a dewaxing process to avoid affecting oil performance at low temperatures. The waxes themselves have uses. This paper describes successful attempts to select the optimum conditions for sulphonation and/or hydrogenation of local waxes to obtain medicinal macro- and microcrystalline waxes suitable for use in petroleum jelly blends that meet medicinal specifications. Deoiling was carried out to separate the oil from the wax samples. Concentrated and fuming sulphuric acids were used as sulphonating agents. Sulphonation processes were carried out at different temperatures, stirring speeds, and digestion times. The optimum sulphonation conditions, which give 0.007 UV absorbance at 290 nm and the highest yield, were achieved using 28% concentrated sulphuric acid. The optimum hydrogenation conditions were achieved using a Ni/Mo catalyst at 105°C and 60 bar for paraffin wax and 180°C and 100 bar for petrolatum, for 30 min for both types of waxes. Analysis and field trials of the blended petroleum jelly showed that these blends meet British Pharmacopoeia specifications.